Robinson was tried, convicted and sent to the penitentiary. In Wilkes County, Ga., a convict boss whipped a negro convict who sulked and wouldn’t work. The negro had a bad character, and was serving sentence for a grave offense. The whipping may possibly have caused the negro’s death, though there was much testimony to the effect that he died from natural causes. At any rate, a white judge and jury convicted the boss who inflicted the whipping, and he had to serve his time in the penitentiary. Robert Cannon was his name. In another instance I myself furnished the evidence of maltreatment of a negro convict in the Georgia penitentiary, and, the facts being made known to the Governor of Georgia, a fine of $2,500 was imposed on the Convict Lessee Company. The Governor was General John B. Gordon. The name of the negro convict was Bill Sturgis. Examples like these could be multiplied indefinitely from Georgia and every Southern state. * * * * * Another astonishing fact is related by Dr. Albert Bushnell Hart. “The most intelligent white people admit the fact that they are _trying to keep the negro down_ because otherwise _the lowest white men will marry negro women_.” Now, where on earth did Dr. Hart get _that_? Does not Dr. Hart know that the antipathy between the negro and the poor white is, and always has been, greater than the antipathy between the negro and the property-owning white? Does not Dr. Hart himself, in another part of his article, express the belief that a dangerous antagonism exists between _the poor whites_ and the negro? Does Professor Hart believe that the true reason why the Southern people wish _to maintain white supremacy_ is to keep poor _whites from marrying negro women_? Does he not realize that he makes himself a laughing-stock when he gives his name to a statement of that kind? _No white man, rich or poor, wants a negro woman_ FOR A WIFE! Dr. Hart may put that down as a proposition which is absolutely true. There are many white men, unfortunately, who establish relations of _concubinage_ with negro women, and this crime is frequently punished in the Southern courts; but where is the evidence that white men wish to take negro wives? If that inclination is so strong, so ungovernable as to become the motive of the South in maintaining white supremacy, _it should be capable of proof_. Now, where is the proof? _Produce it, Dr. Hart!_ The simple truth of the matter is that Dr. Albert Bushnell Hart has allowed himself to be stuffed with a whole lot of nonsense upon a subject which he does not understand. * * * * * Now for a parting quotation from this precious article of Harvard’s professional historian: