The 50,000 little ones who troop to the mill every morning, breathe the steam-heated, dust-laden, germ-infected atmosphere of the close rooms throughout the entire day, who light, with lanterns, their way home across the fields when darkness has fallen, are white children. During the same hours that these white boys and girls are finding their way to the factory where their energy and strength is offered up as a sacrifice to mammon, 50,000 black children are singing merrily on their way to school, _where they are gaining what the white children are losing_. Glance forward twenty years and ask yourselves what will be the relative positions of the 50,000 white children and the 50,000 black children. _It will be a miracle if most of those white children are not either in their graves, or in the hospitals, or in the slums, or in the prisons, while the 50,000 black children will be holding clerkships in some department of the Federal Government._ The kind of civilization which we are going to have in the future is being determined now. Race development and progress cannot be extemporized or bought ready-made. It is a matter of preparing the soil, planting the seed, cultivating the crop. We shall reap as we shall have sown. The most profoundly disgusting feature of the Southern political situation today is that _the Democratic bosses who control our state legislatures will not allow us to give our white children as good treatment as the negro children are getting_. Almost universally the Southern mills are controlled by Northern capitalists; but it is the Southern politician, officeholder, editor or stockholder who rushes to the legislature saying that _child slavery must continue because it is good for the child_. These Northern capitalists who own Southern mills are, to a large extent, Republicans in politics. The unprincipled Southern men who put up a plea in behalf of child slavery are almost exclusively Democratic. Just as J. P. Morgan, the Republican railroad king, uses the Southern Democratic machine to rob the people through his railroads, so the Northern Republican millowner uses the Southern Democratic politician to rivet upon the Southern white child the chains of commercial serfdom, _ruinous to the child and ominous to the future of the white race in the South_. It was class-greed which first raised the cry, “_Take the children_.” It is class-greed which _now_ says, “TAKE THE CHILDREN.” _Paternalism_ One of the dreadfulest words that ever scared a mossback is “Paternalism.”