[Transcriber's Notes: Mathematical problems could not be represented as in the original as we cannot stack numbers. The following rules were used: Parentheses added to groupings of numbers. Bracket and "rt" square roots. [3rt] Carets and curly brackets indicate a superscripted number, letter or symbol. 4^{3} An underscore and curly brackets indicate a subscript. H_{2}O Bold text is surrounded by =equal signs= and italic text is surrounded by _underscores_.] [Illustration: _The "Suna" before the Explosion._] [Illustration: _The Torpedo._] [Illustration: _The "Suna" after the Explosion._] Griffin & C^{o.} Portsmouth. W.F. Mitchell del. TORPEDOES AND TORPEDO WARFARE: CONTAINING A COMPLETE AND CONCISE ACCOUNT OF THE RISE AND PROGRESS OF SUBMARINE WARFARE; ALSO A DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF ALL MATTERS APPERTAINING THERETO, INCLUDING THE LATEST IMPROVEMENTS. BY C. W. SLEEMAN, ESQ., LATE LIEUT. R.N., AND LATE COMMANDER IMPERIAL OTTOMAN NAVY. _WITH FIFTY-SEVEN FULL-PAGE ILLUSTRATIONS, DIAGRAMS, WOODCUTS, &c._ PORTSMOUTH: GRIFFIN & CO., 2, THE HARD, (_Publishers by Appointment to H.R.H. The Duke of Edinburgh._) LONDON AGENTS: SIMPKIN, MARSHALL, & CO. 1880. _All Rights reserved._] PREFACE. IN the following pages the Author has endeavoured to supply a want, viz. a comprehensive work on Torpedo Warfare, brought down to the latest date. The information has been obtained while practically engaged in torpedo work at home and abroad, and from the study of the principal books which have already appeared on the subject, and to the authors of which he would now beg to express his acknowledgments, viz.: "Submarine Warfare," by Lieut.-Commander Barnes, U.S.N.; "Notes on Torpedoes," by Major Stotherd, R.E.; "Art of War in Europe," by General Delafield, U.S.A.; "Life of Fulton," by C. D. Colden; "Torpedo War," by R. Fulton; "Armsmear," by H. Barnard; "Treatise on Coast Defence," by Colonel Von Scheliha; Professional Papers of the Royal Engineers; "The Engineering"; "The Engineer"; "Scientific American"; "Iron"; &c., &c. The Author is also desirous of thanking the following gentlemen, to whom he is indebted for much of the valuable information contained herein:-- Messrs. Siemens Brothers, Messrs. Thornycroft and Co., Messrs. Yarrow and Co., Captain C. A. McEvoy, 18 Adam Street, W.C., Mr. L. Lay, Messrs. J. Vavaseur and Co. LONDON, 1879. CONTENTS. PAGE Preface iii CHAPTER I. The early History of the Torpedo--Remarks on the existing State of Torpedo Warfare 1 CHAPTER II. Defensive Torpedo Warfare--Mechanical Submarine Mines--Mechanical Fuzes--Mooring Mechanical Mines 13 CHAPTER III.