If the snow is deep shovel to the ground, using the toe of the snow shoe or a flattened stick, clear a triangular space about 7 by 8 feet at whose small end, placed downhill, is put the fire, and at whose small side lays the bed. Walls of snow all around make an excellent wind break. On deep snow the fire may rest on a platform of green sappy logs such as balsam. Where the shelter is pitched the snow is tramped solid. In such a camp with a rabbit skin blanket and an all night fire one may sleep comfortably on the coldest of nights. In sleeping out even if the days are mild the nights are pretty sure to be cold. A goodly supply of birch bark kindling and a surplus of dry wood should be laid up. It is no fun to awake chilled to the bone from the icy air and have to fumble about with wet half burnt fagots. Build the fire to leeward and within four feet of the bed. If it is very cold build it above the level of your sleeping place for you thus get more heat and less smoke. Stake two back logs behind the fire. In very cold weather build the fire against the windbreak and when it is burned down rake the embers forward, rebuild the fire in front, spread boughs where the fire was and lie there on the warm ground. This can be repeated several times during the night. If done thus there need be no danger of freezing. In cold weather in the North, with probably the means of transportation reduced to a dog team or a back pack, the ration list must be cut down to absolute necessities. To facilitate expediency in the handling of the outfit in the cold the range of variety had best be limited. The ideal cold weather ration meeting this requirement is pemmican. At this time of the year the fats should predominate as it does in pemmican. This food keeps well, is very compact and can be mixed in a variety of ways palatable to a hungry man on the trail. Pemmican may be made at home by the method suggested in chapter on “Ration Lists.” On such trips do not rely on baking bread en route because of lack of cooking conveniences and time. Also the moisture in common bread will freeze so use unleavened bread or that ready made hardtack or ship’s biscuit as the staple. One pound of pemmican and pilot bread per day will sustain a man at hard work. Vary the bread ration with dessicated vegetables. Now if you will add to the Arctic ration the above mentioned pemmican varied with jerked meat and the hardtack varied with dessicated vegetables, tea, and dried milk you will have a well balanced, dry, compact, palatable, and energy yielding diet. APPENDIX _Tramping Kit Check List_ Wear. Flannel shirt. Whipcord pants. Belt. Wool unionsuit. Wool socks. Felt hat. Shoes or moccasins. Pockets. Map. Jack knife. Kerchief. Waterproof match box. Compass. Pack. Pack sack. Wool sweater. Extra socks. Axe. Small whetstone. Goggles. Shelter. Leanto tent. Blanket. Browse bag. Fishing outfit. Camera and Film.