Tractor Principles: The Action, Mechanism, Handling, Care, Maintenance and Repair of the Gas Engine TractorWhitman, Roger B. (Roger Bradbury)
Science
Tractor Principles: The Action, Mechanism, Handling, Care, Maintenance and Repair of the Gas Engine Tractor
Whitman, Roger B. (Roger Bradbury)
Traction-engines
In the carburetor shown in Figure 24, the principal air passage is past
the spray nozzle, and all air goes by this passage when the engine
is running at low speed. The extra air inlet consists of a number of
holes through which air can pass without going past the spray nozzle.
On each of these holes is a ball; when the suction is low the balls
completely close the holes. When speed increases, the suction becomes
great enough to lift the balls off the holes, and the extra volume of
air that is necessary is permitted to enter. By making the balls of
different weights, it can be seen that the volume of air admitted for
any speed is under good control.
Like the carburetor shown in Figure 23, this carburetor is of the
_float feed_ type; that is, the flow of fuel to it is controlled by a
valve that is operated by a float.
Either of these two carburetors may be adjusted for gasoline or for
kerosene, but the adjustment that is right for one is wrong for the
other. Thus, if an engine is started on gasoline, with the intention of
running on kerosene, the carburetor must be readjusted when the change
is made. This is unsatisfactory, so a double carburetor is sometimes
used, as shown in Figure 25. This consists of two carburetors of the
kind shown in Figure 24, having a single mixture outlet, one being
adjusted for gasoline and the other for kerosene. Either of them can be
connected with the mixture outlet by means of a switch valve.
[Illustration: FIG. 25.—“KINGSTON” CARBURETOR, DUAL MODEL]
In order to run on kerosene or distillate it is necessary to apply heat
for the reason that these oils do not evaporate readily at ordinary
temperatures. Gasoline, on the other hand, evaporates readily, and a
cold engine can be started on it. Tractors that run on kerosene or
distillate are therefore started on gasoline and run on it until they
are hot enough to vaporize the heavier oil.
A carburetor that will run on either gasoline or kerosene is shown in
Figure 26. The main air inlet is at E, which leads the air around the
spray nozzle and into the chamber G. The mixture flows to the cylinder
by the passage B. The control of the fuel at working speeds is by the
high-speed adjustment, which is a needle valve screwing into the spray
nozzle. Above this is another needle valve that adjusts the flow of
fuel for slow speed.
Extra air enters through the opening A, which is closed at slow speed
by a valve held against it by a spring. This valve bears against one
end of a pivoted lever, the other end of which is attached to the
slow-speed needle valve; when the extra air valve opens it moves the
lever and the slow-speed needle valve is lifted to permit the flow of a
greater volume of fuel from the spray nozzle.
[Illustration: FIG. 26.—“E-B” CARBURETOR]
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