Produced by Louise Hope, Juliet Sutherland and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net [Transcriber’s Note: Two other papers from ASCE _Transactions_ LXVIII (September 1910) are referenced in this paper: No. 1150, “The New York Tunnel Extension...” by Charles W. Raymond, available from Project Gutenberg as e-text #18229. No. 1151, “The North River Division” by Charles M. Jacobs, e-text #18548, generally cited as “the paper by Mr. Jacobs”. The word “Figure” is used in two ways. It refers either to individual numbered Figures (1-21), or to any of the four pictures that make up each Plate, identified in the form “Fig. 2, Plate XXI”. Figures 1-4 are always discussed as a group. Single letters in boldface are shown as =A=. Typographical errors are listed at the end of the text.] * * * * * * * * * * * * * * American Society of Civil Engineers Instituted 1852 TRANSACTIONS Paper No. 1154 THE NEW YORK TUNNEL EXTENSION OF THE PENNSYLVANIA RAILROAD. THE BERGEN HILL TUNNELS.[1] By F. LAVIS, M. Am. Soc. C. E. [Footnote 1: Presented at the meeting of April 6th, 1910.] _Location._--That section of the Pennsylvania Railroad’s New York Tunnels lying west of the Hudson River is designated Section “K,” and the tunnels are generally spoken of as the Bergen Hill Tunnels. Bergen Hill is a trap dike (diabase) forming the lower extension of the Hudson River Palisades. There are two parallel single-track tunnels, cross-sections of which are shown on Plate VIII of the paper by Charles M. Jacobs, M. Am. Soc. C. E. The center line is a tangent, and nearly on the line of 32d Street, New York City, produced, its course being N. 50° 30' W. The elevation of the top of the rail at the Weehawken Shaft (a view of which is shown by Fig. 2, Plate XXII), on the west bank of the Hudson River, is about 64 ft. below mean high water; and at the Western Portal, or Hackensack end, the rail is about 17 ft. above; the grade throughout is 1.3%, ascending from east to west. The length of each tunnel between the portals is 5,920 ft. A general plan and profile of these tunnels is shown on Plate I of the paper by Charles W. Raymond, M. Am. Soc. C. E. At Central Avenue a shaft 212 ft. deep was sunk. It is 3,620 ft. from the Weehawken Shaft.