Produced by Charlene Taylor, Marilynda Fraser-Cunliffe, Cathy Maxam, and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net [Illustration: _Engd by H. B. Hall_ (signature O. B. Frothingham) G. P. Putnam's Sons, New York.] TRANSCENDENTALISM IN NEW ENGLAND _A HISTORY_ BY OCTAVIUS BROOKS FROTHINGHAM _Author of "Life of Theodore Parker," "Religion of Humanity," &c., &c._ [Illustration] NEW YORK G. P. PUTNAM'S SONS 182 FIFTH AVENUE 1876 COPYRIGHT, G. P. PUTNAM'S SONS. 1876. CONTENTS. PAGE CONTENTS iii PREFACE v I. BEGINNINGS IN GERMANY 1 II. TRANSCENDENTALISM IN GERMANY--KANT, JACOBI, FICHTE, etc. 14 III. THEOLOGY AND LITERATURE--SCHLEIERMACHER, GOETHE, RICHTER, etc. 47 IV. TRANSCENDENTALISM IN FRANCE--COUSIN, CONSTANT, JOUFFROY, etc. 60 V. TRANSCENDENTALISM IN ENGLAND--COLERIDGE, CARLYLE, WORDSWORTH 76 VI. TRANSCENDENTALISM IN NEW ENGLAND 105 VII. PRACTICAL TENDENCIES 142 VIII. RELIGIOUS TENDENCIES 185 IX. THE SEER--EMERSON 218 X. THE MYSTIC--ALCOTT 249 XI. THE CRITIC--MARGARET FULLER 284 XII. THE PREACHER--THEODORE PARKER 302 XIII. THE MAN OF LETTERS--GEORGE RIPLEY 322 XIV. MINOR PROPHETS 335 XV. LITERATURE 357 PREFACE. While we are gathering up for exhibition before other nations, the results of a century of American life, with a purpose to show the issues thus far of our experiment in free institutions, it is fitting that some report should be made of the influences that have shaped the national mind, and determined in any important degree or respect its intellectual and moral character. A well-considered account of these influences would be of very great value to the student of history, the statesman and philosopher, not merely as throwing light on our own social problem, but as illustrating the general law of human progress. This book is offered as a modest contribution to that knowledge.