Ágades not identical with Aúdaghost—Meaning of the Name—The Songhay Conqueror Háj Mohammed Askiá (Leo’s Ischia)—The Associated Tribes—Leo’s Account of Ágades—The Ighedálen—Tegídda or Tekádda—Gógó and the Ancient Gold Trade—Position of the Ruler of Ágades—The Sultan and his Minister—Meaning of the word “Turáwa”—The Town, its Population—Period of Decline—Ground-Plan and Quarters of the Town—Decline of Commerce—Market Prices. CHAPTER XIX. DEPARTURE FROM ÁGADES.—STAY IN TIN-TÉGGANA 211 Abortive Commencement of Journey—The Valley Tíggeda full of Life—Tin-téllust deserted—Arrival in Tin-téggana—Stay in Tin-téggana—Mohammed el Gatróni—Turbulent State of the Country—Conversation on Religion—Poor Diet—Prolonged Delay—Preparations for Starting. CHAPTER XX. FINAL DEPARTURE FOR SUDÁN 220 Taking Leave of Tin-téggana—Trachytic Peak of Teléshera—Valley of Tánegat—The Salt Caravan—Wild Manners of the Tuarek—Mount Mári—Richer Vegetation—Well Álbes—Tebu Merchants—Chémia—Mount Bághzen—Camels lost—Rich Valley Unán—Stone Dwellings of Kél-gerés—Christmas Day—Taking Leave of Hamma. CHAPTER XXI. THE BORDER REGION OF THE DESERT—THE TAGÁMA 229 Travelling in Earnest—Home of the Giraffe and _Antilope leucoryx_—The Mágariá—The _Cornus nabeca_ and the Feathery Bristle—Princely Present—Animals (_Orycteropus Æthiopicus_)—The Tagáma; their Peculiar Character—The Tarki Beauty—New Plants—Steep Descent—Ponds of Stagnant Water—Cornfields of Damerghú—The Warlike Chief Dan Íbra—Ungwa Sámmit—Negro Architecture—Name of the Hut in Various Languages—Animal and Vegetable Kingdoms—Horses grazing—Arrival in Tágelel—The Ikázkezan Freebooter—Niggardliness of the Chief—Towns and Villages of Damerghú—The Haunts of the Freebooters—Market of Tágelel—The “Devil’s Dance.” CHAPTER XXII. SEPARATION OF THE TRAVELLERS—THE BORDER DISTRICTS OF THE INDEPENDENT PAGAN CONFEDERATION—TASÁWA 243 Dissembling of the Chief—His steadfast Character—Mr. Richardson’s Health—Separation—Different Roads to Kanó—Animated Intercourse—Native Warfare—The First Large Tamarind-tree—Villages and Wells—Separation from Mr. Overweg—Improved Scenery—Encampment at Gozenákko—Lively Camp Scene—Native Delicacies—Revenues of Tasáwa—Astounding Message—Visit to Tasáwa—The Market in Tasáwa—Náchirá, Ánnur’s Estate—Character of the People and their Dwellings—Intrigue defeated—Counting Shells—A Petty Sultan—Dyeing-Pits. CHAPTER XXIII. GAZÁWA—RESIDENCE IN KÁTSENA 257