p[3] „ pain. r „ rain. s „ son. t „ tame. v „ vain. w „ win. y „ yet. z „ zeal. _Double Consonants._ gh as in ghost, and the g in grumble. ks as x in tax, excise. kh as ch in the Scotch word loch. th as in tooth. ts as in Betsy. ng as in wrong. A few slight discrepancies in the spelling of names will, I trust, be excused, the printing having already commenced before I had entirely settled the orthography I would adopt. HENRY BARTH, PH.D. _St. John’s Wood, London, May_ 1. 1857. [Footnote 1: Some details will be considered in a Memoir to be subjoined at the end of this work. It is to be hoped that Dr. Vogel’s calculations themselves may be received in the meantime.] [Footnote 2: “ʿAbd el Kerím,” meaning “Servant of the Merciful,” was the name which I thought it prudent to adopt.] [Footnote 3: p, ph, f, in many African languages, are constantly interchanged, the same as r and dh, r and l.] [Footnote 4: No distinction has been made between the different sounds of j.] CONTENTS OF THE FIRST VOLUME. * * * * * CHAPTER I. Page From Tunis to Tripoli 1 The First Start. — The Passage of the Syrtis. — Little Progress. — Trials of Temper. — Our Companions. — An Old Friend. — Reach Tripoli. CHAP. II. Tripoli. — The Plain and the Mountain-slope; the Arab and the Berber 17 An Excursion. — Arab Encampments. — Commencement of the Hilly Region. — The Plateau. — Turkish Stronghold. — Berber Settlements. — The Picturesque Fountain. — Wádí Welád ʿAli. — Khalaifa. — Beautiful Ravine. — Um e’ Zerzán. — Enshéd e’ Sufét. — Roman Sepulchre. — Kikla. — Wádí Kerdemín. — Rabda. — Kasr Ghurián. — Mount Tekút. — Kasr Teghrínna. — Hanshír. — Wádí Rummána. CHAP. III. Fertile Mountain Region rich in ancient Remains 51 Wádí Rán. — Jebel Msíd. — Singular Monuments. — Structure Described. — Conjectural Character. — Other Ancient Ruins. — Approach to Tarhóna. — The Governor’s Encampment. — Ruins near ʿAín Shershára. — Kasr Dóga. — Kasr Dawán. — Jebel Msíd — Meselláta. — Kasr Kerker. — The Cinyps. — Leptis-Khoms. CHAP. IV. Departure for the Interior. — Arrival at Mizda. — Remains of a Christian Church 85