[Footnote 100: That Banku lay between Timbúktu and Ghágo is evident from the fact, that the governor of that province fled to Gágho, when Mohammed Sadík, the governor of Bel, or Bal, marched upon the capital of the empire.] [Footnote 101: See the account in the Journal of the Leipsic Oriental Society, p. 545.] [Footnote 102: Journal of the Leipsic Oriental Society, p. 541:—“Then he made Kishya feréng of Kúrmina, and gave him the office of mezrʿa مزرع.”] [Footnote 103: It is not improbable that Dirma was originally the name or title of the governor of Díre, as Balmʿa was that of the governor of Bal, and that it was in after times conferred upon the province of which he was the ruler. Caillié, vol. ii. p. 29.] [Footnote 104: Journal of the Leipsic Oriental Society, p. 544.] [Footnote 105: El Bekrí, ed. Macguckin de Slane, p. 150: ملك ماسين.] [Footnote 106: In the passage (Journal of the Leipsic Oriental Society), p. 546, in the seventh line, a second ك is added by mistake. The name cannot be read as Burgu-koy, as all the parties composing the army of the pretender Mohámmed e’ Sadík, are said to have belonged to _the people of the west_, while Burgu is situated at the S.E. frontier of Songhay; nay, it is quite clear, from page 547, that the Barakoy is meant, and not the Burgu-koy.] [Footnote 107: Vol. II. p. 270.] [Footnote 108: The exact meaning of the title “feréng-mangha,” and the authority with which it was invested, are not quite clear; for although there is little doubt that “feréng-mangha” signifies “great prince,” it is remarkable that on various occasions we find two “feréng-mangha” instead of one; and it is stated of Mohammed Ban Áskía, that he expressly designated two (J.O.S. p. 545). Moreover, we find that neither of these two was taken into account in appointing a successor (Ib. p. 546). But another passage (Ib. p. 552) is not less clear, stating plainly that, the feréng-mangha having fallen in the battle, the Áskía named another prince as his successor, implying clearly the identity of the title “feréng-mangha” with that of heir-apparent.] [Footnote 109: Journal of the Leipsic Oriental Society, p. 533.] [Footnote 110: Ibid. p. 555.] [Footnote 111: El Bekrí, ed. de Slane, p. 183.] [Footnote 112: See El Edrísi, trans. Jaubert, i. p. 288.] [Footnote 113: Journal of the Leipsic Oriental Society, p. 532.] [Footnote 114: Ibid. p. 527, from the year 936 A.H.] [Footnote 115: Ibid. p. 541.] [Footnote 116: Leo Africanus, l. vii. c. 3.] [Footnote 117: Vol. II. p. 650.] [Footnote 118: Journal of the Leipsic Oriental Society, p. 543.] [Footnote 119: See Raffenel, Nouveau Voyage dans le pays des Nègres (made in 1847), Paris, 1856, vol. ii. p. 349, _et seq._; the Vocabulary, ibid. p. 399, _et seq._]