Travels to Discover the Source of the Nile, Volume 3 (of 5): In the years 1768, 1769, 1770, 1771, 1772 and 1773Bruce, James
History
Travels to Discover the Source of the Nile, Volume 3 (of 5): In the years 1768, 1769, 1770, 1771, 1772 and 1773
Bruce, James
Egypt -- Description and travel; Ethiopia -- Description and travel; Ethiopia -- History; Natural history -- Ethiopia; Nile River
The Abyssinians, like the ancient Egyptians, their first colony,
in computing their time, have continued the use of the solar year.
Diodorus Siculus says, “They do not reckon their time by the moon, but
according to the sun; that thirty days constitute their month, to which
they add five days and the fourth part of a day, and this completes
their year.”
These five days were, by the Egyptians, called Nici, and, by the
Greeks, Epagomeni, which signifies, days added, or superinduced, to
complete a sum. The Abyssinians add five days, which they call Quagomi,
a corruption from the Greek Epagomeni, to the month of August, which
is their Nahaassé. Every fourth year they add a sixth day. They begin
the year, like all the eastern nations, with the 29th or 30th day of
August, that is the kalends of September, the 29th of August being the
first of their month Mascaram.
It is uncertain whence they derived the names of their months; they
have no signification in any of the languages of Abyssinia. The name of
the first month among the old Egyptians has continued to this day. It
is Tot, probably so called from the first division of time among the
Egyptians, from observation of the helaical rising of the dog-star. The
names of the months retained in Abyssinia are possibly in antiquity
prior to this; they are probably those given them by the Cushite,
before the Kalendars at Thebes and Meroë, their colony, were formed.
The common epoch which the Abyssinians make use of is from the creation
of the world; but in the quantity of this period they do not agree with
the Greeks, nor with other eastern nations, who reckon 5508 years from
the creation to the birth of Christ. The Abyssinians adopt the even
number of 5500 years, casting away the odd eight years; but whether
this was first done for ease of calculation, or some better reason,
there is neither book nor tradition that now can teach us. They have,
besides this, many other epochs, such as from the council of Nice and
Ephesus. There is likewise to be met with in their books a portion of
time, which is certainly a cycle; the Ethiopic word is kamar, which,
literally interpreted, is an arch, or circle. It is not now in use
in civil life among the Abyssinians, and therefore was mentioned as
containing various quantities from 100 years to 19; and there are
places in their history where neither of these will apply, nor any even
number whatever.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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