Treatise on light : $b In which are explained the causes of that which occurs in reflexion, & in refraction and particularly in the strange refraction of Iceland crystalHuygens, Christiaan
Science
Treatise on light : $b In which are explained the causes of that which occurs in reflexion, & in refraction and particularly in the strange refraction of Iceland crystal
Huygens, Christiaan
Refraction, Double; Wave theory of light
Now if one examines what this matter may be in which the movement
coming from the luminous body is propagated, which I call Ethereal
matter, one will see that it is not the same that serves for the
propagation of Sound. For one finds that the latter is really that
which we feel and which we breathe, and which being removed from any
place still leaves there the other kind of matter that serves to
convey Light. This may be proved by shutting up a sounding body in a
glass vessel from which the air is withdrawn by the machine which Mr.
Boyle has given us, and with which he has performed so many beautiful
experiments. But in doing this of which I speak, care must be taken to
place the sounding body on cotton or on feathers, in such a way that
it cannot communicate its tremors either to the glass vessel which
encloses it, or to the machine; a precaution which has hitherto been
neglected. For then after having exhausted all the air one hears no
Sound from the metal, though it is struck.
One sees here not only that our air, which does not penetrate through
glass, is the matter by which Sound spreads; but also that it is not
the same air but another kind of matter in which Light spreads; since
if the air is removed from the vessel the Light does not cease to
traverse it as before.
And this last point is demonstrated even more clearly by the
celebrated experiment of Torricelli, in which the tube of glass from
which the quicksilver has withdrawn itself, remaining void of air,
transmits Light just the same as when air is in it. For this proves
that a matter different from air exists in this tube, and that this
matter must have penetrated the glass or the quicksilver, either one
or the other, though they are both impenetrable to the air. And when,
in the same experiment, one makes the vacuum after putting a little
water above the quicksilver, one concludes equally that the said
matter passes through glass or water, or through both.
As regards the different modes in which I have said the movements of
Sound and of Light are communicated, one may sufficiently comprehend
how this occurs in the case of Sound if one considers that the air is
of such a nature that it can be compressed and reduced to a much
smaller space than that which it ordinarily occupies. And in
proportion as it is compressed the more does it exert an effort to
regain its volume; for this property along with its penetrability,
which remains notwithstanding its compression, seems to prove that it
is made up of small bodies which float about and which are agitated
very rapidly in the ethereal matter composed of much smaller parts. So
that the cause of the spreading of Sound is the effort which these
little bodies make in collisions with one another, to regain freedom
when they are a little more squeezed together in the circuit of these
waves than elsewhere.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
Reviews
Reviews
No reviews yet
Be the first to share your thoughts on this work.
Join the Discussion
Join the discussion
Sign in to leave a comment or review.
Sign InorCreate an account