Treatise on Poisons: In relation to medical jurisprudence, physiology, and the practice of physic — John Shaqi
Treatise on Poisons: In relation to medical jurisprudence, physiology, and the practice of physicChristison, Robert, Sir
Science
Treatise on Poisons: In relation to medical jurisprudence, physiology, and the practice of physic
Christison, Robert, Sir
Medical jurisprudence; Toxicology
The nerves certainly possess the power of conveying from one organ to
another various impressions besides those of the external senses. This
is shown by many familiar phenomena; and in reference to the present
subject, is aptly illustrated by the remote or sympathetic effects of
mere mechanical injury and natural disease of the stomach. Acute
inflammation of the stomach generally proves fatal long before death can
arise from digestion being stopped; and it is accompanied with
constitutional symptoms, neither attributable to injury of that
function, nor developed in so marked a degree during inflammation in
other organs. These symptoms and the rapid death which succeeds them are
vaguely imputed to the general system sympathizing with the affected
part; but it is more probable that one organ only is thus, at least in
the first instance, acted on sympathetically, namely, the heart. The
effects of mechanical injuries are still more in point. Wounds of the
stomach may prove fatal before inflammation can begin; rupture from
over-distension may cause instant death; and in either case without
material hemorrhage.
These observations being held in view, it is impossible to doubt, that
some organs sympathize with certain impressions made on others at a
distance; nor can we imagine any other mode of conveyance for these
impressions except along the nerves. The question, then, comes to be
what are the impressions that may be so transmitted?
The statements already made will prepare us to expect a sympathetic
action in the case of poisons that manifestly injure the structure of
the organ to which they are applied. In the instance of the pure
corrosives its existence may be presumed from the identity of the
phenomena of their remote action with those of natural disease or
mechanical injury. It was stated above that the mineral acids when
swallowed often prove fatal in a very short space of time; and here, as
in mere injury from disease or violence, the symptoms are an
imperceptible pulse, fainting, and mortal weakness. Remote organs
therefore must be injured; and from the identity of the phenomena with
those of idiopathic affections of the stomach, even if there were no
other proof, it might be presumed that the primary impression is
conveyed along the nerves. We are not restricted, however, to such an
argument: The presumptive inference is turned to certainty by the effect
of dilution on the activity of these poisons. Dilution materially
lessens or even takes away altogether the remote action of the mineral
acids. Now dilution facilitates, instead of impeding their absorption:
consequently they do not act on remote organs through that channel.
There is no other way left by which we can conceive them to act, except
by conveyance of the local impression along the nerves.—As to the
irritants that are not corrosive, it can hardly be doubted, since they
inflame the stomach, that the usual remote effects of inflammation will
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