Treatise on Poisons: In relation to medical jurisprudence, physiology, and the practice of physicChristison, Robert, Sir
Science
Treatise on Poisons: In relation to medical jurisprudence, physiology, and the practice of physic
Christison, Robert, Sir
Medical jurisprudence; Toxicology
there is both a vegetable acid and a neutral sulphate of lime,—to
concentrate to a sixth, and agitate the residuum with four times its
volume of sulphuric ether, in the expectation that this fluid will
remove the free acid alone, and separate it from sulphates. But
notwithstanding the authority of his name for the fact, pure ether will
not remove sulphuric acid from a watery fluid; and etherized alcohol,
which does remove it, takes it away also, like alcohol itself, from
bisulphates. These results I have observed in some careful trials made
along with Dr. Douglas Maclagan. I suspect, therefore, that where
sulphates or bisulphates do exist, there is no absolutely satisfactory
way of determining whether free sulphuric acid also co-exists, except by
a quantitative analysis, for ascertaining whether the amount of acid and
of bases corresponds with this supposition or not. And it is scarcely
necessary to add, that so operose a method is scarcely applicable to
ordinary medico-legal investigations.
3. It is seldom that the medical jurist is called on to search for
sulphuric acid in either of the states already mentioned. Much more
generally it has mingled with and acted on various organic substances.
The circumstances in which it has usually to be sought for in the
practice of medical jurisprudence are twofold,—on the one hand, in
stains on clothes,—and on the other, in vomited matter, the contents of
the stomach, or organic mixtures generally.
_Process for analyzing stains on clothes._—When sulphuric acid is thrown
upon your clothes, it produces a permanent red, reddish-brown, or
yellowish stain, destroys the cloth entirely or renders it brittle, and
in consequence of its strong attraction for water keeps the stain long
in a moist state. In the course of the decomposition of the cloth a part
of the acid is itself decomposed, sulphurous acid being disengaged. But
it is an important medico-legal fact, that after a time the change
either goes on very slowly, or is arrested altogether, possibly by the
dilution of the acid with moisture from the atmosphere; and that
consequently it may be discovered in a free state in stains after a much
longer interval than would _à priori_ be expected. In the case of
Macmillan formerly alluded to, Dr. Turner and I, who were employed by
the crown to examine the different injured articles of dress, found on a
man’s hat, stock, shirt-collar and coat many discoloured and corroded
spots, which were sour to the taste fourteen days after the crime was
committed; in the subsequent case of Mrs. Humphrey I discovered
six-tenths of a grain of free sulphuric acid in two small spots on a
blanket seven weeks after the crime; and from an express experiment on
the same blanket with two drops of acid of known strength, it appeared
that only one-half of the acid disappeared in seven weeks. It may
therefore be inferred, that, in every instance where stains have been
produced by concentrated sulphuric acid on clothes, at least on woollen
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