Treatise on Poisons: In relation to medical jurisprudence, physiology, and the practice of physicChristison, Robert, Sir
Science
Treatise on Poisons: In relation to medical jurisprudence, physiology, and the practice of physic
Christison, Robert, Sir
Medical jurisprudence; Toxicology
When introduced into the stomach of dogs, M. Barthez found that twenty
drops on a full stomach had no particular effect; that thirty drops
occasioned vomiting, and temporary acceleration of the pulse and
breathing; and that from forty to sixty drops on an empty stomach
brought on violent vomiting, sneezing, cough, dilated pupil and
prostration, succeeded in a few hours by languor without any other
symptom, and by death in four or five days. In the dead body he remarked
numerous little ulcers of the villous coat, some of which had an
ash-gray appearance at the bottom, while others were covered with a
black slough, easily removed by friction. When the gullet was tied to
prevent vomiting, less doses proved more quickly fatal. He likewise
observed that the matter vomited in these experiments, even a few
minutes after the administration of the poison, had no appearance or
odour of bromine; whence it is reasonable to conclude, that, as in the
instance of iodine, a chemical change takes place with the aid of
certain vital operations, so that the bromine becomes hydrobromic
acid.—The experiments of Dr. Butske assign to it more activity as a
poison than those now related. For he found that a dog died in a day
from taking only five grains dissolved in two ounces of water; and the
symptoms were laborious breathing, loud cries, and convulsions. In the
dead body he found the stomach internally chequered with bloody
extravasation, and filled with bloody mucus, the duodenal mucous
membrane universally injected, but the rest of the alimentary canal in a
healthy state.—Dr. Glover remarked in such cases, besides the usual
symptoms of an irritant action on the stomach, coryza, sneezing,
salivation and difficult breathing. Sixty minims killed a cat in
seventeen minutes, two fluid drachms a dog in five hours and a half, ten
grains a rabbit in five minutes. A dog twice got twenty grains in
solution and recovered, but died after a third dose of the same amount.
Another got twenty grains in solution every two or three days for a
month without injury. In some of these experiments hydrobromic acid was
detected in the blood and urine.
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