Treatises on Friendship and Old AgeCicero, Marcus Tullius
Philosophy
Treatises on Friendship and Old Age
Cicero, Marcus Tullius
Friendship; Old age
6. Now friendship may be thus defined: a complete accord on all subjects
human and divine, joined with mutual goodwill and affection. And with
the exception of wisdom, I am inclined to think nothing better than this
has been given to man by the immortal gods. There are people who give
the palm to riches or to good health, or to power and office, many even
to sensual pleasures. This last is the ideal of brute beasts; and of the
others we may say that they are frail and uncertain, and depend less on
our own prudence than on the caprice of fortune. Then there are those
who find the "chief good" in virtue. Well, that is a noble doctrine. But
the very virtue they talk of is the parent and preserver of friendship,
and without it friendship cannot possibly exist.
Let us, I repeat, use the word virtue in the ordinary acceptation and
meaning of the term, and do not let us define it in high-flown language.
Let us account as good the persons usually considered so, such as
Paulus, Cato, Gallus, Scipio, and Philus. Such men as these are good
enough for everyday life; and we need not trouble ourselves about those
ideal characters which are nowhere to be met with.
Well, between men like these the advantages of friendship are almost
more than I can say. To begin with, how can life be worth living, to use
the words of Ennius, which lacks that repose which is to be found in the
mutual good-will of a friend? What can be more delightful than to
have some one to whom you can say everything with the same absolute
confidence as to yourself? Is not prosperity robbed of half its value if
you have no one to share your joy? On the other hand, misfortunes
would be hard to bear if there were not some one to feel them even more
acutely than yourself. In a word, other objects of ambition serve for
particular ends--riches for use, power for securing homage, office for
reputation, pleasure for enjoyment, health for freedom from pain and
the full use of the functions of the body. But friendship embraces
innumerable advantages. Turn which way you please, you will find it at
hand. It is everywhere; and yet never out of place, never unwelcome.
Fire and water themselves, to use a common expression, are not of more
universal use than friendship. I am not now speaking of the common
or modified form of it, though even that is a source of pleasure and
profit, but of that true and complete friendship which existed
between the select few who are known to fame. Such friendship enhances
prosperity, and relieves adversity of its burden by halving and sharing
it.
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