It is true that the measures in question cannot be completed without much labour, and opposition, extending over uncertain periods of time, but they must ultimately become part of the hygienic economy of the land, if we would avoid the imputation of being criminally accessory to the death of thousands, and do our duty honestly to our neighbours. Unlike the other, which as they must be effected by individuals and families will depend on improvements in the intellectual and moral condition of the persons themselves, these can be achieved authoratively by the Magistrates. Both classes of reformatory measures are required to show what may yet be done for the welfare of the people, and how incalculably the people can contribute to it themselves, especially in respect of health; but while only one of them is at the command of power, that one should no longer be neglected. Had all been done which might have been done in this way, it may be asserted fearlessly that cholera would not have exerted the fatal power which it did in 1832, and which it is exerting in 1849; and that other epidemics which have prevailed in the period would have had fewer victims. Unsatisfactory and reproachful however as the sanitary condition of the country is, when it appears how much it might be improved by the moral, social and physical reforms alluded to above, it is excellent when compared with what it was at former periods of our history. On looking back to the terrible epidemics, which in the thirteenth, fourteenth, fifteenth, sixteenth, and even so late as the seventeenth century, under the names of pestilence, black death, sweating sickness, and plague ravaged this, and other portions of Europe, we find such was the destructive power of disease then, that the most sickly seasons recorded for nearly two-hundred years have been, in comparison with them, seasons of health and enjoyment. The questions which suggest themselves as to the cause of difference will be variously answered. Amid the obscurity which involves the subject, one thing however is evident, and seems to offer a sufficient explanation of the difference, namely, the miserable condition of the people in those remote periods relatively to the present, the results of ignorance, apathy, licence and oppression—periodical recurrence of famine—wretched habitations, wretchedly kept—and the total want of sewerage, with accumulations of filthy decomposing substances, producing corruption in every corner and at every turning, sufficient to poison every living thing in their neighbourhood.