Leaves 5-nerved at the base, fruit a head of carpels or achenes. Bark fissured, not peeling off in flakes, leaves aromatic Altingiaceæ 166 Bark peeling off in flakes, leaves not aromatic Platanaceæ 168 Pistillate and staminate flowers in one. Fruit dry Tiliaceæ 255 Fruit fleshy Malaceæ 171 =PINÀCEAE.= The Pine Family. Trees and shrubs with a resinous sap, which yields rosin, tar, turpentine and essential oils. The leaves are linear or scale-like, alternate, whorled or clustered; flowers naked, appearing in the spring; fruit a cone or sometimes berry-like. A large family of trees and shrubs, containing over 200 species, found in many parts of the world, and of great economic importance. In Indiana only nine species are native, and the distribution of seven of these species has always been very limited. Leaves linear, in clusters of 2, 3, 5 or more than 5. Leaves in bundles of 2-5. 1 Pinus. Leaves in bundles of more than 5. 2 Larix. Leaves linear and solitary, or scale-like. Leaves all linear. Leaves obtuse. 3 Tsuga. Leaves sharp-pointed. Leaves green on both sides, alternate. 4 Taxodium. Leaves glaucous beneath, opposite or whorled. 6 Juniperus. Leaves all scale-like, or some of the branches with linear sharp-pointed leaves. Leaves all scale-like, fruit a cone of 8-12 imbricated scales. 5 Thuja. Leaves scale-like or some linear and sharp-pointed, fruit berry-like. 6 Juniperus. =1. PÌNUS.= The Pines. Evergreen trees with needle-shaped leaves in bundles of 2-5 or 7; flowers appearing in the spring, the staminate clustered at the base of the season's shoots, the pistillate on the side or near the end of the shoots; fruit a woody cone which matures at the end of the second season, or more rarely at the end of the third season; scales of the cone variously thickened; seeds in pairs at the base of the scales. There are about 70 species of pines of which three are native to Indiana. Commercially the pines are classed as soft and hard. In our area the soft pines are represented by the white pine, while the gray and Jersey pines are classed as hard pines. Leaves 5 in a bundle, 6-12 cm. long. 1 P. Strobus. Leaves 2-3 in a bundle. Scales of cones unarmed, leaves usually 2-4 cm. long. 2 P. Banksiana. Scales of cones tipped with a short spine, leaves usually over 4 cm. long. 3 P. virginiana.