Cook, John Parsons, -1855; Palmer, William, 1824-1856 -- Trials, litigation, etc.; Trials (Murder) -- England -- London
Dr. ROBERT TODD, examined by the ATTORNEY-GENERAL--I have been in
practice as a doctor for twenty-five years, and have been a physician to
King’s College Hospital for many years. I have lectured on the disease
called tetanus, and have published the lectures. I have seen two cases
of what seemed to be idiopathic tetanus. It is a very rare thing. The
term tetanus ought not to be applied to cases of poisoning, for the
symptoms are so essentially distinct from the disease. I have had under
my own observation cases of traumatic tetanus. When once the disease has
begun there are remissions, but not complete; rather a diminution of the
severity of the symptoms. There are two classes--an acute class and a
chronic class. The acute cases will terminate in the course of three or
four days, and the chronic cases will go on from nineteen to twenty-two
or twenty-three days, perhaps longer. Sometimes epilepsy will produce
convulsions, and sometimes the convulsions from epilepsy assume somewhat
of a tetanic character, but they are essentially distinct from tetanus.
When the epileptic convulsions assume somewhat of the tetanic form, it
is quickly over, not continuous. In epilepsy there is an abolition of
consciousness for the time. I have heard the symptoms described which
accompanied this gentleman’s seizure and death, and also the appearances
after death and the post-mortem examination. I am of opinion there was
neither apoplexy nor epilepsy. There are poisons which will produce
tetanic convulsions. The chief of these poisons is nux vomica. I have
seen animal life destroyed by strychnia, but never human life. The
effects of a large dose, such as a grain of strychnia given in a liquid
form to a cat or dog, would be apparent in the course of ten minutes.
The symptoms would be spasmodic action of the muscles, chiefly of the
trunk, the spine, the spinal muscles, producing a very marked
opisthotonos, as it is called, where the spine is thrown back, the head
thrown back, and the trunk bowed in a very marked manner. The
extremities are generally stiffened, jerked out with violent jerks. The
muscles are rendered stiff and rigid from the spasms. The stiffness
remains, and does not perfectly relax. Fresh paroxysms come in always
attended with the peculiar curving back of the head and neck and spine.
The extremities of the animals are powerfully stiffened out, distended,
every now and then powerfully bent, and jerked out again. Death ensues
within half an hour, unless it is a small dose. There is a marked
difference between cases where death ensues after taking strychnia and a
case of tetanus such as I was describing just now from idiopathic or
traumatic causes. The continuity of the symptoms in strychnia poisoning
is very characteristic: as long as the poisonous influence lasts, the
symptoms last, but the poisonous symptoms will subside after a time. The
shortness of the duration of the symptoms is decidedly in favour of
strychnine poisoning.
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