Trials of war criminals before the Nuernberg military tribunals under control council law no. 10, volume IVarious
Philosophy
Trials of war criminals before the Nuernberg military tribunals under control council law no. 10, volume I
Various
Nuremberg Trial of Major German War Criminals, Nuremberg, Germany, 1945-1946; War crime trials -- Germany -- Nuremberg
Since the falling experiments without oxygen had already given such good
results, falling experiments were begun only at 20 km. [65,600 ft.]
altitude, and, because of the limitations described above, could be
carried out only to 21 km. [68,900 ft.]. In these the results obtained
by Lutz and Wendt were fully corroborated in this respect, that jumps
from above 21 km. [68,900 ft.] can probably be made without danger, and
that ebullition of the blood does not yet take place up to 21 km.
[68,900 ft.] altitude. On the other hand in a falling experiment with
human beings, neither a post-hypoxemic pseudo-death nor a post-hypoxemic
twilight sleep were ever observed (Lutz).
In conclusion, we must make it particularly clear that, in view of the
extreme experimental conditions in this whole experimental series, no
fatality and no lasting injury due to oxygen lack occurred.
V. Conclusions from the Results
For practical rescues by parachute jump from the highest and higher
altitudes the experiments yielded the following:
The parachute jump without oxygen with immediate opening of the
parachute is possible up to a jumping altitude of 13 km. [42,700 ft.];
the jump with oxygen equipment can be made at jumping altitudes up to 18
km. [59,100 ft.]. Advice must be given against jumping and immediate
opening of the parachute since there is considerable danger of freezing
and there is no need to pull the rip cord at high altitudes. However the
experimental data give some indication of the chances of the parachute
jumper whose parachute has become unfolded from whatever cause.
The jump with a free fall and opening of the parachute at low altitudes
can be made without oxygen equipment up to altitudes of 20 km. [65,600
ft.], with oxygen up to 21 km. [68,900 ft.], and probably considerably
higher.
In all the experiments at great height, even in experiments with oxygen
breathing, unconsciousness occurred extraordinarily rapidly and was
naturally preceded by loss of control before that. In one unfavorable
case of a subject in the standing position during a descending
experiment with oxygen, jumping from an altitude of 18 km. [59,100 ft.],
unconsciousness occurred after 7 seconds. One may not count on a longer
time than 10 seconds before loss of control occurs at high altitudes
even with the body at rest. So within that time the airplane must be
abandoned or at least one must activate the ejection seat. The technical
solution of this problem must be found through a different approach. It
is certain only that it will be impossible to climb out under one’s own
power, that one must avoid absolutely all bodily exertion, and that the
time must be kept as short as possible. Rescue is still possible from
very great heights; the critical part is the abandoning of the aircraft.
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