Tribal Custom in Anglo-Saxon Law: Being an Essay Supplemental to (1) 'The English Village Community', (2) 'The Tribal System in Wales'Seebohm, Frederic
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Tribal Custom in Anglo-Saxon Law: Being an Essay Supplemental to (1) 'The English Village Community', (2) 'The Tribal System in Wales'
Seebohm, Frederic
Anglo-Saxons; Law, Anglo-Saxon; Law, Medieval; Tribes -- Great Britain
He approaches Hrothgar with a band of fifteen chosen warriors. When
asked from whence they came they said they were Geats, Hygelac’s
_hearthgeneats_ (260). And the meaning of the word is illustrated further
when the warriors accustomed to sleep in Hrothgar’s hall are spoken of
as Hrothgar’s _hearthgeneats_ (1581, and see 260 and 2419). When brought
into the hall Beowulf himself calls his band Hygelac’s _beod-geneats_
(344) (table geneats), and to Hrothgar he calls himself ‘mæg and
mago-thegn,’ literally ‘kin and son thane’ of Hygelac (408).
The daring deed accomplished, Beowulf’s success is rewarded by many
golden and other gifts from Hrothgar, and it is significant that on his
return he lays all these at the feet of his maternal uncle Hygelac, his
_heofodmagus_--chief of kin--whose man and kin he owns himself to be. His
position in Hygelac’s kindred thus demands careful study.
This seems to be the pedigree.
{ (1) HEREBEALD
{ killed by Hæthcyn
{
{ (2) HÆTHCYN
HRETHEL {
who had three sons { (3) HYGELAC { (1) A DAUGHTER
and one daughter { { who married Eofor
thus: { {
{ m. Hygd. { (2) HEARDRED
{ { Hygelac’s only son.
{ (4) A SISTER
{ Beowulf’s BEOWULF
{ mother Hygelac’s sister’s son.
[Sidenote: Homicide within the family unavenged.]
Beowulf is made to say that, when seven winters old, Hrethel had
received him from his father Ecgtheow and had kept him as his own child
(2420). ‘Remembering kinship’ (sippe gemunde), the old chieftain held
him in no less regard than his own three sons, Herebeald, Hæthcyn, and
Hygelac. But Hrethel’s old age was full of trouble. The worst tragedy
that came upon him was the death of his eldest son Herebeald, killed by
his second son apparently by accident.
Hæthcyn by arrow from hornbow brought him (Herebeald) down, his
near kinsman. He missed the target and shot his brother. (2440)
Here, then, was an apparently accidental homicide within the family. How
was it regarded?
One brother killed the other with bloody dart. That was a wrong
past compensation.… Any way and every way it was inevitable that
the Etheling must quit life unavenged. (2445).
The poet likens the father’s grief to that of ‘an old ceorle’ who should
see his young son ride on the gallows-tree and can do nothing but wait
while his son thus hangs, food for the ravens, as he cannot bring him
help (2450).
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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