[Illustration: “TRIUMPHS AND WONDERS OF THE NINETEENTH CENTURY.” This picture explains and is symbolic of the most progressive one hundred years in history. In the center stands the beautiful female figure typifying Industry. To the right are the goddesses of Music, Electricity, Literature and Art. Navigation is noted in the anchor and chain leaning against the capstan; the Railroad, in the rails and cross-ties; Machinery, in the cog-wheels, steam governor, etc.; Labor, in the brawny smiths at the anvil; Pottery, in the ornamented vase; Architecture, in the magnificent Roman columns; Science, in the figure with quill in hand. In the back of picture are suggestions of the progress and development of our wonderful navy. Above all hovers the angel of Fame ready to crown victorious Genius and Labor with the laurel wreaths of Success. ] TRIUMPHS AND WONDERS OF THE 19TH CENTURY THE TRUE MIRROR OF A PHENOMENAL ERA A VOLUME OF ORIGINAL, ENTERTAINING AND INSTRUCTIVE HISTORIC AND DESCRIPTIVE WRITINGS, SHOWING THE MANY AND MARVELLOUS ACHIEVEMENTS WHICH DISTINGUISH AN HUNDRED YEARS OF Material, Intellectual, Social and Moral Progress EMBRACING AS SUBJECTS ALL THOSE WHICH BEST TYPE THE GENIUS, SPIRIT AND ENERGY OF THE AGE, AND SERVE TO BRING INTO BRIGHTEST RELIEF THE GRAND MARCH OF IMPROVEMENT IN THE VARIOUS DOMAINS OF HUMAN ACTIVITY. BY JAMES P. BOYD, A.M., L.B., _Assisted by a Corps of Thirty-Two Eminent and Specially Qualified Authors._ Copiously and Magnificently Illustrated. [Illustration] PHILADELPHIA A. J. HOLMAN & CO. COPYRIGHT, 1899, BY W. H. ISBISTER. _All Rights Reserved._ COPYRIGHT, 1901, BY W. H. ISBISTER. INTRODUCTORY Measuring epochs, or eras, by spaces of a hundred years each, that which embraces the nineteenth century stands out in sublime and encouraging contrast with any that has preceded it. As the legatee of all prior centuries, it has enlarged and ennobled its bequest to an extent unparalleled in history; while it has at the same time, through a genius and energy peculiar to itself, created an original endowment for its own enjoyment and for the future richer by far than any heretofore recorded. Indeed, without permitting existing and pardonable pride to endanger rigid truth, it may be said that along many of the lines of invention and progress which have most intimately affected the life and civilization of the world, the nineteenth century has achieved triumphs and accomplished wonders equal, if not superior, to all other centuries combined.