First Railways—Vast Development—Uses of Railways—Importance to Farmers and Producers—Various Railway Systems—Government Ownership and Operation—Mileage of Railways—The World’s Great Railways—Methods of building and operating Railways in Different Countries—Bridge Structures—Use of Steel Rails—Railway Signals—The Block System—Single and Double Tracks—First Steam Locomotives—Weight and Power of Modern Locomotives—The Old-fashioned Passenger Car—Luxury of the Modern Palace Car— Improvement in Freight Cars—The Modern Air-brake—Advance in Train Equipment and Service—Rates of Speed—Railway Mail Service —Passenger and Freight Rates—Railway as compared with Water Transportation—Railway Labor—Relief Associations and Insurance —Mountain Railways—Rapid Transit—Military Railways— Portable and Ship Railways 643–664 ADVANCE IN LAW AND JUSTICE Progress in International Law—Its Subdivisions—Law-making Bodies —Powers and Duties of Legislators—Courts of Justice—Duties of Judges—Of Jurors—Of Civil Procedure—Codification of Laws—Criminal Jurisprudence—Punishments for Crimes—Capital Punishment—Police Powers—Rights of Married Women under Law— Laws regarding Parents and Children—Transfer of Real Estate— Copyright Laws—Their Effect on Publication—Admiralty Laws—Of Seamen and Shipping—Advance in Corporation Laws—Laws relating to Religion—Of Religious Freedom—General Review of Legal Progress 665–676 EVOLUTION OF BUILDING AND LOAN ASSOCIATIONS I. GENERAL PRINCIPLES:—Objects and Uses of Building Associations— Explanation of the System—The Various Plans of Operation—Loan Series—Maturity and Payment of Shares—Cost of Shares and Loans —Early History of These Associations—Their Character abroad— History of American Associations—The First Founded—Eulogies of Building Societies—Vast Membership and Capital—Management in Respective States—Amounts returned to Members—Teachers of Practical Thrift—Value of One’s Own Home—Comfort for Those of Modest Means—Makers of Better Citizens—Duties of Officers and Members—Responsibility of Members—Size and Cost of Houses usually built—Typical Houses—The Social Features of Building Societies 677–690 EPOCH-MAKERS OF THE CENTURY Statesmen, Orators, and Jurists—Great Generals—Naval Heroes— Noted Preachers and Teachers—Eminent Historians—Distinguished Editors—Noted Scientists—Leading Philanthropists—Famous Inventors—Popular Novelists—Greatest Poets—Best Actors and Lyric Dramatists 691–720 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS PAGE “Triumphs and Wonders of the XIX Century” _Frontispiece_