I. AT THE DAWN OF THE CENTURY:—Earliest Observations on Electricity —Study of Amber—Earliest Electric Machines—Conduction of Electricity—The Leyden Jar—Franklin’s Discoveries. II. NEW NINETEENTH CENTURY ELECTRICITY:—Galvanism—The Voltaic Pile —Davy’s Arc-light—The Electro-magnet—Faraday’s Discoveries —The Induction Coil—Fields of Force. III. THE TELEGRAPH:— First Successful Telegraphy—The Morse System—Improvements in Telegraphy—Ocean Telegraphy. IV. HELLO! HELLO!—Invention of the Telephone—Principle of the Telephone—Transmitter and Receiver—Uses of the Telephone—The Phonograph, Gramophone, and Graphophone. V. DYNAMO AND MOTOR:—The First Motor—Perfection of the Dynamo—How it generates Electricity—Principle and Uses of the Motor. VI. “AND THERE WAS LIGHT:”—Various Lights of the Past—Era of Electric Lighting—Arc and Incandescent Lamps —Principles of Each—Value of Electric Light. VII. ELECTRIC LOCOMOTION:—Passing of the Horse and Traction Car—Introduction of the Trolley—Features of the Electric Railway—The Storage Battery and Horseless Carriage. VIII. THE X RAY:—Discovery of —What the X Ray is—Photographing by Means of the X Ray. IX. OTHER ELECTRICAL WONDERS:—Electric Clocks—Electrotyping and Electroplating, etc. X. ELECTRICAL LANGUAGE 19–54 THE CENTURY’S NAVAL PROGRESS I. INFLUENCE OF SEA POWER:—Sea Powers throughout the World— Enumeration of Great Naval Wars. II. THE CENTURY’S GROWTH IN NAVAL STRENGTH:—American Navies at Different Eras—European Fleets —South American and Chinese Navies. III. THE BATTLESHIP PAST AND PRESENT:—The Old Fighting Frigate—Evolution of the Modern Man-of-War—Comparison of Frigate with Ironclad. IV. PROGRESS OF NAVAL ENGINEERING:—Nelson’s Vision—The 14,500 Miles Steaming of the Oregon—Revolution in Mechanism and Material—Types of Great Battleships—Introduction and Advantages of Steam—Invention of the Screw Propeller—Improvement in Boilers and Engines— The Revolving Turret—Cruiser and Torpedo Craft—Phenomenal Speed. V. THE GROWTH OF ORDNANCE:—Description of Various Guns and Projectiles—Power of Modern Explosives. VI. THE DEVELOPMENT OF ARMOR:—Its Necessity in Naval Warfare—How it is made, tested, and put on. VII. THE RAM AND TORPEDO:—Evolution of the Ram— Introduction of the Torpedo—Various Kinds of Torpedoes. VIII. THE UNITED STATES FLEET:—Whence it sprang and how it has grown—Its Ships, Officers, and Men—Official Naval Ranks—The Naval Academy —Passage of the United States to a World Power 55–86 ASTRONOMY DURING THE CENTURY