Every year the Mayor of each "Commune" draws up a list of all the young men who have arrived at the age of twenty during the past twelve months. These lists must be posted up by January 14 at the latest. The names of the sons of foreigners, if born in France, are included, and unless they claim foreign nationality they are liable to serve, and on failing to do so when called upon are regarded as deserters and punished accordingly. Domicile is established by the parents' residence. Every year the War Minister fixes the number of conscripts required to serve three years with the colours; those in excess of that number are called upon to serve for one year only; but during the following two years they are liable to be called upon to complete their time of active service. In order to determine those who are to benefit by this arrangement _tirage au sort_ (drawing lots) is resorted to. In time of peace, conscripts falling under any of the following categories, among others, are also called upon to serve for one year only: (_a_) The eldest of orphans, or the eldest son of a widow, or of a family whose father is blind, or has reached his seventieth year. (_b_) The only son in a family of seven children or more--or the eldest son of a family of at least seven. (_c_) The elder of twins. (_d_) Brothers of men engaged in active service. (_e_) Brothers of a man who has been killed, or who has died in active service, or who has been invalided on account of disease contracted, or wounds received, while serving. (_f_) Young men who have signed an engagement to serve during ten years as teachers in the National schools. (_g_) Students in law, science, or medicine who have already obtained their admission to the Government Universities or other institutions mentioned in the Act. (_h_) Students of the religious institutions who are studying to become ministers of one of the religions recognised by the State. Provided that, in classes (_f_), (_g_), (_h_), such young men have obtained their final degree before their twenty-sixth year, or that religious students have been ordained before the end of their twenty-sixth year, failing which, they are called upon to complete three years' active service. Whoever has been convicted of theft, obtaining money by false pretences, rape, and other crimes against morals, and has been sentenced to more than three months' imprisonment for such crimes, or has been sentenced twice for similar offences, is sent to special battalions in Algeria. If, at the time a conscript is called upon to serve, he is undergoing imprisonment, he begins his service at the expiration of his sentence.