Müller, Dr. Hermann, on fertilization of alpine flowers, 232 on fertilization of Martagon lily, 231 on variations of insect-fertilized flowers, 275 on differences of allied species of flowers, 233 _Musa paradisiaca_, 48 Musaceæ, 48 Mygale, a bird-catching spider, 97 _Mysis chameleon_, changes of colour of, 171 N. Nearctic Region, mammalia of, 329 birds of, 330 Neotropical region, mammalia of, 331 birds of, 332 Nests of humming-birds, 137 Newton, Professor, on appearance of living humming-birds, 130 New Zealand, poor in flowers and insects, 235 New World, regions of the, 329 North American earthworks, 292 Nuttall, Mr., on the rufous flame-bearer, 131 Nymphalidæ, local resemblances of species of distinct genera of, 257 O. Oceanic Islands, peculiar floras of, 269 theory of, 307 Odontomachus, genus of ants, 82 Odour deficient in New Zealand flowers, 277 Odours absorbed unequally by differently coloured stuffs, 266 of flowers attractive, 230 _Œcodoma cephalotes_, 85 _Œcophylla smaragdina_, 82 Ogle, Dr., on colour and sense-perception, 265 Oil from palms, 45 Oncidiums, 51 Optical theory of colour, 180 Orchids, 49 Oriental Region, 319 Ornamental humming-birds, the most pugnacious, 214 Ornaments, display of, by male humming-birds, 134 Orthoptera, 91 P. Palæarctic Region, 314 Palms, 40 height of, 41 climbing, 41 Palm-wine, 43 Palm-trees, uses and products of, 42-46 Pandanaceæ, 49 Papilio, pale varieties of, in Moluccas and New Guinea, 258 Papilionidæ and Nymphalidæ, local resemblances of, 255 _Papilio nireus_, changes of colour of pupa of, 168 Parrots, 99 red in Moluccas and New Guinea, 264 black in New Guinea and Madagascar, 264 Passeres, 108 Phyllostoma, 120 Phasmidæ, 91-93 _Phœnix sylvestris_, 45 Phaëthornithinæ, 136 Pheasants, brilliant plumage of, in cold countries, 163 Pheidole, genus of ants, 84 Philippine Islands, metallic colours of butterflies of, 259 white-marked birds of, 263 Picariæ, 103 Pickering, Mr., on plants of Pacific Islands, 269 Pieridæ and Lycænidæ, local resemblances of, 256 Pigeons, 102 black in Australia and Madagascar, 264 Pigs, white poisoned in Virginia, black not, 265 Pipes from N. American mounds, 295 Plantain, 48 Plantain-eaters, 197 Plants, protective coloration in, 223 Platycerium, 47 Plumage of tropical birds, 109 of humming-birds, 128 Polyrachis, genus of ants, 81 _Polyalthea_, tree with flowers on trunk, 35 _Polygonum bistorta_, _P. aviculare_, 233 _Pontia rapæ_, changes of colour of chrysalis of, 168 _Ponera clavata_, terrible sting of, 82 Portraits on sculptured pipes from mounds, 295 Prosthemadera in the Auckland Isles, 239 Protective colours, theory of, 187 _Psittacula diopthalma_, sexual difference of colour of, 178 Pterylography, 151