Tropical nature, and other essaysWallace, Alfred Russel
History
Tropical nature, and other essays
Wallace, Alfred Russel
Ecology -- Tropics; Natural history -- Tropics; Tropics
Three peculiar forms of lizard may be mentioned as specially
characteristic of the American, African, and Asiatic tropical zones
respectively. The iguanas of South America are large arboreal
herbivorous lizards of a beautiful green colour, which renders
them almost invisible when resting quietly among foliage. They are
distinguished by the serrated back, deep dew-lap, and enormously
long tail, and are one of the few kinds of lizards whose flesh is
considered a delicacy. The chameleons of Africa are also arboreal
lizards, and they have the prehensile tail which is more usually
found among American animals. They are excessively slow in their
motions, and are protected by the wonderful power of changing their
colour so as to assimilate it with that of immediately surrounding
objects. Like the majority of lizards they are insectivorous,
but they are said to be able to live for months without taking
food. The dragons or flying lizards of India and the larger Malay
islands, are perhaps the most curious and interesting of living
reptiles, owing to their power of passing through the air by means
of wing-like membranes, which stretch along each side of the body
and are expanded by means of slender bony processes from the first
six false ribs. These membranes are folded up close to the body
when not in use, and are then almost imperceptible; but when open
they form a nearly circular web, the upper surface of which is
generally zoned with red or yellow in a highly ornamental manner.
By means of this parachute the animal can easily pass from one
tree to another for a distance of about thirty feet, descending at
first, but as it approaches its destination rising a little so as
to reach the tree with its head erect. They are very small, being
usually not more than two or three inches long exclusive of the
slender tail; and when the wings are expanded in the sunshine they
more resemble some strange insect than one of the reptile tribe.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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