98. Sketch Showing Manner of Constructing the Lining Masonry, Austrian Method 179 99. Diagram Showing Sequence of Excavation in Italian Method of Tunneling 183 100. Sketch Showing Strutting for Lower Part of Section 183 101 and 101A. Sketches Showing Construction of Centers, Italian Method 184 102. Sketch Showing Invert and Foundation Masonry, Italian Method. 185 103. Sketch Showing Longitudinal Section of a Tunnel under Construction, Italian Method 186 104. Sketch Showing Sequence of Excavation, Stazza Tunnel 186 105. Sketch Showing Method of Strutting First Drift, Stazza Tunnel 187 106 and 107. Sketches Showing Temporary Strutting Arch Construction, Stazza Tunnel 187 108. Sketch Showing Preliminary Drainage Galleries, Quicksand Method 190 109. Sketch Showing Construction of Roof Strutting, Quicksand Method 190 110. Sketch Showing Construction of Masonry Lining, Quicksand Method 191 111. Sketch Showing Pilot Method of Tunneling 193 112. Diagram Showing Sequence of Construction in Open-Cut Tunnels 197 113. Sketch Showing Method of Timbering Open-Cut Tunnels, Double Parallel Trench Method 198 114. Side-Wall Foundation Construction Open-Cut Tunnels 198 115. Wide-Arch Section, Boston Subway 204 116. Double-Barrel Section, Boston Subway 205 117. Four-Track Rectangular Section, Boston Subway 206 118. Section Showing Slice Method of Construction, Boston Subway 206 119. Double-Track Section, New York Rapid Transit Railway 212 120. Park Avenue Deep Tunnel Construction, New York Rapid Transit Railway 214 121. Harlem River Tunnel, New York Rapid Transit Railway 215 122. Sketch Showing Underground Stream, Milwaukee Water-Works Tunnel 229 123. Sketch Showing Methods of Lining, Milwaukee Water-Works Tunnel 232 124. Longitudinal Section of Brunel’s Shield, First Thames Tunnel 241 125. First Shield Invented by Barlow 242 126. Second Shield Invented by Barlow 243