"He was silent for a few instants, and started shouting again. His voice rang out clear in the still, lightly slumbering air. Thirty times at least he had called the name, Antropka. When suddenly, from the farthest end of the plain, as though from another world, there floated a scarcely audible reply: "'Wha-a-t?' "The boy's voice shouted back at once with gleeful exasperation: "'Come here, devil! woo-od imp!' "'What fo-or?' replied the other, after a long interval. "'Because dad wants to thrash you!' the first voice shouted back hurriedly. "The second voice did not call back again, and the boy fell to shouting 'Antropka' once more. His cries, fainter and less and less frequent, still floated up to my ears, when it had grown completely dark, and I had turned the corner of the wood that skirts my village and lies over three miles from Kolotovka ... 'Antropka-a-a!' was still audible in the air, filled with the shadows of the night." In the above passage the feeling of the shadowy earth, the mist, the great plain and the floating cries rarefies the village atmosphere of human commonness. By such a representation of the people's figures, seen in just relation to their surroundings, to their fellows, and to nature, Turgenev's art secures for his picture poetic harmony, and renders these finer cadences in the turmoil of life which ears less sensitive than his fail to hear! _The parts in just relation to the whole scheme of human existence._ Man, earth and heaven--it is the secret of the perfection of the great poets. IV "RUDIN" CHAPTER IV "RUDIN" The biographers tell us that Turgenev left Russia again in 1847, for the sake of being near Pauline Garcia, the famous singer (afterwards Madame Viardot), whom he adored all his life; that he left her in Berlin, visited Salzbrunn with the critic Byelinsky, who was dying of consumption, and then proceeded to Paris, Brussels, Lyons and Courtavenel. In Paris he works incessantly, producing plays and short stories and most of the series of _A Sportsman's Sketches_; makes friends with Hertzen and George Sand; studies the French classics and avows his democratic sympathies, without any illusions as to the good-for-nothingness of "the Reds." In the autumn of 1858 he returns to Russia, recalled by news of the grave illness of his mother, who, however, refused to be reconciled with her two sons, whom she tried to disinherit on her deathbed. Turgenev was henceforward a rich man. In 1852 _A Sportsman's Sketches_ appeared in book form, and in April of the same year, for writing a sympathetic article on Gogol's death, Turgenev was ordered a month's detention in a police-station and then confined to his estate at Spasskoe.[13]