[Footnote 44: See "Zionism and the Jewish Future" (London, 1916: John Murray), pp. 138-170; for the agricultural machinery on the Jewish National Fund's Model Farm at Ben-Shamen, see the Report of the German Vice-Consul at Jaffa for the year 1912.] [Footnote 45: "Die Jüden der Türkei" (Leipzig, 1915: Veit u. Comp.). Pamphlet No. 8 of the _Deutsches Vorderasienscomitee's_ series: "Länder u. Völker der Türkei."] [Footnote 46: The Spanish-speaking Jews in Turkey are descended from refugees to whom the Ottoman Government gave shelter in the sixteenth century; the Arabic-speaking Jews have been introduced into Palestine from the Yemen, by the Zionists, since 1908.] [Footnote 47: Dr. Trietsch admits that Jewish colonisation in Palestine was retarded because "the leading French and British Jews remained under the impression of the Armenian massacres" (of 1895-7) "as presented by the anti-Turkish, French and British Press.... In reality, the butcheries of Armenians in Constantinople were a convincing proof that the Jews in the Ottoman Empire were safe, for ... not a hair on a Jewish head was touched." One wonders how he will exorcise the "impression" of 1915.] [Footnote 48: As early as 1912 the German Vice-Consul at Jaffa betrayed his annoyance at the progress which Zionism was making. He admits indeed that "the falling off in trade last year would have been greater still than it was, if the economic penetration of Palestine were not reinforced by an idealistic factor in the shape of Zionism;" but he is piqued at the "Jewish national vanity" which makes it advisable for German firms to display their advertisements in Palestine in the Hebrew language and character.] [Footnote 49: Edessa from Thracian [Greek: _bedu_] = Slavonic _voda._] [Footnote 50: _Muslin_ is named after Mosul, and cotton itself (in Greek, Latin, Arabic, and Turkish) _bombyx_ or _bambuk_, after Bambyke (Mumbij).] [Footnote 51: "Bagdadbahn," p. 38.] [Footnote 52: Book I., ch. 193.] [Footnote 53: Cp. Sir William Willcocks. "The Irrigation of Mesopotamia," p. 5 (London, 1911: Spon).] [Footnote 54: Book I., ch. 192.] [Footnote 55: Herodotus Book III., ch. 91.] [Footnote 56: Book I., chs. 178-183.] [Footnote 57: A hectare is approximately equal to two and a half acres.] [Footnote 58: "The Lands of the Eastern Caliphate," by Guy le Strange (Cambridge, 1905: at the University Press), pp. 25-9.] [Footnote 59: "The Irrigation of Mesopotamia," by Sir William Willcocks, K.C.M.G., F.R.G.S. (London, 1911: Spon). The report is dated Bagdad, March 26th, 1911.] [Footnote 60: £1.00 Turkish = approximately £0.90 sterling.] [Footnote 61: In his immediate project he intends to keep the Tigris navigable, and allots £48,350 (Turkish) for its improvement.] [Footnote 62: Cp. Wiedenfeld, pp. 62-4.] [Footnote 63: "Die Bagdadbahn," pp. 57, 61.] [Footnote 64: Cp. Wiedenfeld, p. 64.] [Footnote 65: "Bagdadbahn," p. 83; cp. Trietsch, p. 11.]