[11] _Stenographische Berichte, XII Legislaturperiode, 1 Session_, Volume 231 (1908), p. 4253c; P. Rohrbach, _Die Bagdadbahn_, p. 16, and _Deutschland unter den Weltvölkern_, pp. 51–53; Von Gwinner, _loc. cit._, p. 1090. [12] _Die Bagdadbahn_, p. 16. _Cf._, also, R. Henry, _Des Montes Bohèmes au Golfe Persique; l’Asie Turque et le Chemin de fer de Bagdad_ (Paris, 1908), p. 509 _et seq._; C. H. Becker, _Deutschland und der Islam_ (Stuttgart and Berlin, 1914); Ernst Jäckh, _Die deutsch-türkische Waffenbrüderschaft_ (Stuttgart and Berlin, 1915). [13] H. A. Gibbons, _The Reconstruction of Poland and the Near East_ (New York, 1917), pp. 109–110. [14] Quoted by Marriot, _op. cit._, p. 356. [15] _Die Bagdadbahn_, pp. 18–19. [16] In this connection see an important statement by Sir Thomas Barclay in the _Proceedings of the Central Asian Society_ (London), March 1, 1911, pp. 21–22, and the opinion of Karl Helfferich, _Die deutsche Türkenpolitik_, p. 14. [17] Von Reventlow, _op. cit._, p. 343. Regarding the so-called _Drang nach Osten_ and the coincidence of Austrian and German interests in the Near East _cf._ M. Meyer, _Balkanstaaten, Bagdadbahn_ (Leipzig, 1914); J. W. Headlam, “The Balkans and Diplomacy,” in the _Atlantic Monthly_ (Boston), January, 1916, pp. 124 _et seq._; N. and C. R. Buxton, _The War and the Balkans_ (London, 1915); M. I. Newbigin, _Geographical Aspects of Balkan Problems_ (London, 1915); Evans Lewin, _The German Road to the East_ (New York, 1917), Chapters VIII, IX, X; P. N. Milyoukov, _The War and Balkan Politics_ (Cambridge, 1917). [18] _Stenographische Berichte, XII Legislaturperiode, 2 Session_, Volume 266 (1911), p. 5984c. [19] _Der deutsche Imperialismus und die Arbeiterklasse_ (Bremen, 1912), pp. 33, 53. [20] _Stenographische Berichte, XII Legislaturperiode, 2 Session_, Volume 266 (1911), p. 5984c, Volume 231 (1908), p. 4253c. [21] Charles Sarolea, _The Anglo-German Problem_ (London, 1912), p. 252. [22] A _Stiftung_ is a general religious establishment, this particular one serving manifold purposes as school, hospice, home, hospital, etc. [23] J. Richter, _A History of Protestant Missions in the Near East_ (New York, 1910), pp. 258–270, 416–419; L. M. Garnett, _Turkey of the Ottomans_ (London, 1911), Chapters VII-IX; H. C. Dwight, H. A. Tupper, and E. M. Bliss, _Encyclopedia of Missions_ (second edition, New York, 1910), pp. 260, 263, 720; _New Schaff-Herzog Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge_ (New York, 1912), Volume XII, pp. 39–41. [24] Cardinal M. H. Ledochowski (1822–1902). _Cf._ _Catholic Encyclopedia_ (New York, 1912), Volume IX, pp. 111–112. French Catholics openly charged that Cardinal Ledochowski used his official position as director of all Catholic missions to promote German religious and political interests at the expense of those of France. _Cf._ an article “La Politique Allemande et le Protectorat des Missions Catholiques,” in the _Revue des deux mondes_, Volume 149 (1898), pp. 11–12.