[7] For it appears that there is some doubt about the matter. The Rev. E. S. Dewick possesses another version of this subject, similar in size and design, but very inferior in workmanship. The clumsiness and woodenness of the workmanship have been taken as evidence that the drawing was an earlier one than that at Cardiff. But it may also indicate that it is merely the work of an unskilful copyist. [8] Cf. Bosanquet’s _History of Æsthetic_, p. 277; also Kant’s _Kritik of Judgment_, sections 28 and 29. [9] _Op. cit._ (Dr. Bernard’s translation), p. 141. [10] _Op. cit._ p. 125. [11] The conventional eighteenth-century attitude towards these scenes seems well expressed by a description in Paterson’s _Road Book_. ‘To the south of the Derwentwater,’ the passage runs, ‘is the rocky chasm of Borrowdale, a tremendous pass, at the entrance of which dark caverns yawn terrific as the wildness of a maniac, etc.,’ page 435. [12] Wordsworth, _Prelude_, Bk. xii. 118-120. [13] See Plate XVI. for the study for the Farnley picture. [14] See Plate XXXVII. [15] Plate XXXVIII. [16] Plate XXVII (_b_). [17] _The Prelude_, Bk. xiii. l. 287 _sq._ [18] See, for example, Jeffrey’s account of the Sixth Book of the _Excursion_, quoted in Professor Raleigh’s _Wordsworth_, pp. 8 and 9. [19] It is, of course, possible that the verses were composed by Turner himself. [20] Plate XXXIX. [21] Bell, Article on ‘Turner and his Engravers,’ in _The Genius of Turner_ (Studio Extra), pp. 142-143. [22] _Turner Catalogue_, written in 1881. National Gallery edition, 1899, p. 37. [23] _Ibid._ [24] It is also worth remarking that the value of these drawings from a topographical point of view, _i.e._ as giving information pure and simple, is probably diminished by the fact that the material they contain is so skilfully selected and arranged. [25] _Modern Painters_, vol. i. p. 132. [26] _Ibid._ p. 130. [27] _Elements of Drawing_, Preface, p. X. [28] Plate LVII. [29] ‘Turner and Mulready.--On the Effect of certain Faults of Vision, etc.’ By R. Liebreich. _Macmillan’s Magazine_, April 1872. [30] _The Sense of Beauty_, by George Santayana. A. & C. Black, 1896, p. 149. [31] This, I need hardly add, is Mr. Ruskin’s explanation. [32] Hamerton’s _Turner_, p. 244. [33] See, for example, Professor C. J. Holmes’s _Notes on the Science of Picture-Making_. Introduction. [34] Two of these studies are reproduced in _The Genius of Turner_. [35] See Dr. Bosanquet’s _Essentials of Logic_, p. 91 _sq._ [36] The transition is from the singular to the universal judgment. See Dr. Bosanquet’s _Logic_, vol. i. chap. v.; and _Essentials of Logic_, p. 64 _sq._ [37] The best discussion of these points with which I am acquainted is contained in Dr. Bosanquet’s _Knowledge and Reality_, pp. 140-155.