I am inclined to believe that the design as a whole represents a sun
shield, the eight radiating bars being the rays, while the celestial
band, the three human figures, and the Colhuacan glyph replace the
parts of the sun’s face, namely, the head-band, the two eyes and nose
(the plunging figure in lieu of the nose), and the mouth. This may
seem pretty far-fetched at first glance, but it is quite in the spirit
of Aztec art. On the Calendar Stone, around the face of the sun god
and the _ollin_ symbol with the enclosed glyphs of the four ages,
is, first, a circle of the day signs, second, a circle of quincunx
figures, supposed to be the classical hieroglyphs or rather symbols
of turquoises, third, a frieze of eagles’ feathers. Multiple rays of
different sizes complete the picture. In the actual shield before us
we have the turquois mosaic, and the holes around the rim suggest that
eagles’ feathers may once have been attached. Compare the sun shield
or sun basket of the Pueblo Indians, and the various sun shields on
Mayan monuments. Now, the sun and turquois seem to be pretty closely
connected symbolically--both mean divine. The hieroglyph of the sun
is used for the _teo_, god, in place names, while the prefix _xiuh_
means divine in connection with various objects. Jade, on the other
hand, means precious. The sun in Aztec ritual is pretty closely
connected with riches and jewels, and the sun disc may easily have
been conceived of as a gem-studded object. I think it quite possible,
therefore, that the design on this shield was intended to symbolize
the face of the sun, and the fact that complete figures engaged in
some ritualistic function replaces the parts of a realistic face does
not detract from the theory.
The back of the shield is shown in pl. XXII. Through the two vertical
ridges are pairs of holes, evidently for the leather thongs for holding
the shield. The twenty-eight small holes around the edge of the shield
were probably for the insertion of feathers or other ornaments, as in
the British Museum shield.
In technique our shield is similar in all respects to the two mosaic
shields in Europe. In all three the incrustation is in a bed of gum
that has been spread over the wood.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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