Bernal Díaz, who accompanied both Grijalva and Cortés to Mexico,
wrote his history nearly fifty years after the stirring events of the
discovery and conquest. He was a prejudiced writer, and seems to have
been largely animated in his old age to tell the story of the conquest
primarily to refute many of the statements of Gomara. Bernal Díaz
writes bluntly at the very outset of his invaluable history, which he
calls the “True History,” that he speaks “here in reply to all that
has been said and written by persons who themselves knowing nothing,
have received no true account from others of what really took place,
but who nevertheless now put forward any statements that happen to suit
their fancy.” While not describing the treasure obtained by Grijalva,
he mentions “some gold jewels some (of which) were diadems and others
were in the shape of ducks like those of Castile, and other jewels like
lizards, and three necklaces of hollow beads, and other articles of
gold not of much value, for they were not worth more than two hundred
pesos.”[4] These he states were obtained from the Indians of Potonchan.
For some reason he apparently was not greatly impressed either by the
technical excellence or by the esthetic beauty of the objects procured
by barter from the vicinity of the present city of Vera Cruz; he simply
writes that the Spaniards were engaged for six days in trading with the
Indians and got more than sixteen thousand dollars’ worth of jewelry of
low-grade gold worked into various forms. He then says: “This must be
the gold which the historians Gomara, Yllescas, and Jovio say was given
by the natives of Tabasco, and they have written it down as though it
were true, although it is well known to eye-witnesses that there is no
gold in the province of the Rio de Grijalva or anywhere near it, and
very few jewels.”[5] Torquemada wrote in later years to the same effect.
In none of the accounts by the participants of this expedition are
mosaic pieces specifically mentioned. The chaplain of Grijalva’s
fleet, Juan Díaz, states merely that they were given “a mask of gold
beautifully wrought, and a little figure of a man with a little mask of
gold, and a crown of gold beads with other jewels and stone of various
colors.” This report was first printed in Venice, March 3, 1520,
appearing in Italian as an appendix to the _Itinerario_ of Ludovico de
Varthema.
An anonymous independent relation in Italian of this voyage seems to
have been printed at Venice in the same year under the title _Littera
Mãdata della Insula de Cuba_, etc., the copy in the Marciana Library,
Venice, being the only one known. From a photostat copy of the Italian
we are able to present a translation of the mention of these objects,
somewhat similar to that given by Juan Díaz. The _Littera Mãdata_
states that the Spaniards obtained “a mask of gold, and the figure of a
man all of gold, seemingly of the age of twelve, and a fan of gold, and
other jewels of divers colors.”[6]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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