Produced by Marilynda Fraser-Cunliffe, Richard J. Shiffer and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net [Transcriber's Note: Every effort has been made to replicate this text as faithfully as possible, including obsolete and variant spellings and other inconsistencies. Text that has been changed to correct an obvious error by the publisher is noted at the end of this ebook.] TWENTIETH CENTURY NEGRO LITERATURE OR _A CYCLOPEDIA OF THOUGHT_ ON THE _VITAL TOPICS RELATING_ _TO THE AMERICAN NEGRO_ BY ONE HUNDRED OF AMERICA'S GREATEST NEGROES EDITED AND ARRANGED BY D. W. CULP, A. M., M. D. AN AUTHOR AND LECTURER, ETC. _COPIOUSLY ILLUSTRATED_ WITH _One Hundred Fine Photo Engravings_ PUBLISHED BY J. L. NICHOLS & CO. MANUFACTURING PUBLISHERS ON THE EXCLUSIVE TERRITORY PLAN TORONTO, CAN. NAPERVILLE, ILL. ATLANTA, GA. COPYRIGHT 1902 BY J. L. NICHOLS & CO. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED SOLD ONLY ON SUBSCRIPTION THROUGH OUR AUTHORIZED AGENTS AND NOT TO BE HAD IN BOOKSTORES. ANY ONE DESIRING A COPY SHOULD ADDRESS THE PUBLISHERS. [Illustration: Dr. D. W. Culp] Dedication. To all persons of whatever race and of whatever section of our country, who in any way contributed, in the Nineteenth Century, to the financial, intellectual, moral and spiritual elevation of the Negro, the editor dedicates this book with the ardent hope, that before this century shall have ended, the Negro, through his own manly efforts, aided by his friends, shall reach that point in the American civilization, where he will be recognized and treated as any other American citizen. PREFACE The idea of putting this book on the market originated in the following considerations: _First._ There is considerable ignorance, on the part of the white people of this country, of the intellectual ability of the Negro, and, as a consequence, the educated Negro does not receive, at the hands of the whites, that respectful consideration to which his education entitles him. _Second._ At this time, when the attainments made in the nineteenth century by the other races and nationalities are being paraded, the friends of the Negro are particularly interested to know something of the attainments made by him in that century.