German propaganda and ethics--The unsuccessful "Holy War" and the German Government--"The Holy War" a crime against civilisation, a chimera, a farce--Underhand dealings--The German Embassy the dupe of adventurers--The morality of German Press representatives--A trusty servant of the German Embassy--Fine official distinctions of morality--The German conception of the rights of individuals 126 CHAPTER VII Young Turkish nationalism--One-sided abolition of capitulations --Anti-foreign efforts at emancipation--Abolition of foreign languages--German simplicity--The Turkification of commercial life--Unmistakable intellectual improvement as a result of the war--Trade policy and customs tariff--National production--The founding of new businesses in Turkey--Germany supplanted--German starvation--Capitulations or full European control?--The colonisation and forcible Turkification of Anatolia--"The properties of people who have been dispatched elsewhere"--The "Mohadjirs"--Greek persecutions just before the Great War--The "discovery" of Anatolia, the nucleus of the Ottoman Empire--Turkey finds herself at last--Anatolian dirt and decay--The "Greater Turkey" and the purely Turkish Turkey--Cleavage or concentration? 151 CHAPTER VIII Religion and race--The Islam policy of Abdul-Hamid and of the Young Turks--Turanism and Pan-Islamism as political principles--Turanism and the Quadruple Alliance--Greed and race-fanaticism--Religious traditions and modern reforms--Reform in the law--A modern Sheikh-ul-Islam--Reform and nationalization--The Armenian and Greek Patriarchates--The failure of Pan-Islamism--The alienation of the Arabs--Djemal Pasha's "hangman's policy" in Syria--Djemal as a "Pro-French"--Djemal and Enver--Djemal and Germany--His true character--The attempts against the Suez Canal--Djemal's murderous work nears completion--The great Arabian and Syrian Separatist movement--The defection of the Emir of Mecca and the great Arabian catastrophe 176 CHAPTER IX Anti-war and pro-Entente feelings among the Turks--Turkish pessimism about the war--How would Abdul-Hamid have acted?--A war of prevention against Russia--Russia and a neutral Turkey--The agreement about the Dardanelles--A peaceful solution scorned--Alleged criminal intentions on the part of the Entente; the example of Greece and Salonika--To be or not to be?--German influence--Turkey stakes on the wrong card--The results 209 CHAPTER X