I am indebted to Mr. Herbert Sieveking for permission to reproduce, from a photograph taken for him, the print from the Gardner Collection showing an execution at Tyburn. I am in an especial degree obliged to him for calling my attention to Norden’s map of Middlesex, the subject of an article by him in the _Daily Graphic_ of September 4, 1908. CONTENTS PAGE WHOM TO EXECUTE? WHO IS TO EXECUTE? HOW TO EXECUTE? 6 DRAWN, HANGED, AND QUARTERED 27 TORTURE AND THE PEINE FORTE ET DURE 35 THE HANGMAN 44 AFTER TYBURN 49 ORIGIN AND SITE OF THE TYBURN GALLOWS 54 THE CHRONOLOGY OF TYBURN 71 ANNALS 73 INDEX 269 ILLUSTRATIONS THE REV. MR. WHITEFIELD PREACHING ON KENNINGTON COMMON _Frontispiece_ From a print in the Crowle Pennant, Print Room, British Museum, Part VIII., No. 242. Probable date, 1748, or somewhat later. The triangular gallows is probably that erected for the execution in 1746 of the rebels of 1745. The bodies on the gibbet are those of highwaymen or murderers. FACING PAGE THE FIRST KNOWN REPRESENTATION OF THE TRIPLE TREE 62 A portion of a map of Middlesex engraved by John Norden for William Camden’s “Britannia,” edition of 1607. THE TRIPLE TREE ABOUT 1614 64 The illustration reproduces the frontispiece of a book. The gallows is shown in the uppermost lozenge on the left. THE RUINS OF FARLEIGH CASTLE 66 From Sir Richard Colt Hoare’s “Hungerfordiana; or, Memoirs of the Family of Hungerford,” 1823. THE TRIPLE TREE IN 1712 66 From a broadsheet published by the Rev. Paul Lorrain, the Ordinary of Newgate, containing an account of an execution at Tyburn, on September 19, 1712. THE TRIPLE TREE IN 1746 68 Reduced from Rocque’s 24-sheet Map of London, etc., begun in March, 1737, and published in October, 1746. THE SITE OF TYBURN TREE 70 Showing the locality before the alterations of 1908. Reduced from the Ordnance large-scale map of 1895. SIR WILLIAM DE MARISCO (OR WILLIAM MARSH) DRAWN TO TYBURN IN 1242 90 From a contemporary drawing by Matthew Paris in the MS. “Chronica Majora,” in the possession of Corpus Christi College, Cambridge. Reproduced here by permission of the Librarian and authorities of the College.