The importance of written work cannot be overstated. It not only assures knowledge of material, but the power to express that knowledge correctly and in good form. If this written work can be submitted to the teacher in printed form it will be doubly useful. QUESTIONS 1. What general course of development do we find in the United States in relation to European influence? 2. How has this worked out in the case of type and presses? 3. Who cast the first type made in this country? 4. Who was Mitchelson, the type founder, and what did he do? 5. Tell the story of Adam Buell. 6. Tell about Benjamin Franklin’s attempt at type founding. 7. Tell the story of the first successful type foundry in the United States. 8. Tell of the attempt of Mappa to start a type foundry in the United States. 9. What were the prospects for successful type founding in America about 1795? 10. Tell the story of the starting of the first permanently successful type foundry in America. 11. What were the first steps taken to enlarge its facilities? 12. What inventions did the senior partner work on? 13. Give a brief sketch of the firm from the retirement of the senior partner to the present time. 14. What other type founder was at work in 1805, and what was he doing? 15. Tell the story of the starting of the second successful type foundry in the United States. 16. Who were the Bruces, and how did they start in business? 17. What did the Bruces do in 1814 and 1815? 18. How did the Bruces become type founders? 19. What improvement did the Bruces attempt in 1822, and with what result? 20. What was W. M. Johnson’s invention, and what became of it? 21. What development took place in the type founding business, and what was the result? 22. Who was Augustus Ladew, and what did he do? 23. Who was Louis Pelouze, and what did he do? 24. What can you tell about the Boston Type Foundry? 25. Tell about the work of J. W. Phinney. 26. Who was Henry Barth, and what did he do? 27. What do we owe to John Marder? 28. What do we owe to L. R. Benton? 29. What invention followed the work of Benton and Werner, and why? 30. What need became acute in composing room, and what was done to meet it? 31. What invention changed the course of development along this line? 32. Tell the story of Ottmar Mergenthaler. 33. What did Tolbert Lanston invent? 34. Tell the story of the discovery of the electrotyping process. 35. Who was the first to apply this process to printing, and what were the defects of his method? 36. Give a sketch of the development of the process of electrotyping, naming five principal inventions with dates. 37. What was the greatest single step in advance, and when, where, and by whom was it made? 38. Where did the first American presses come from? 39. How soon were presses made in America, and what were they like? 40. Who was the best known American press builder before 1800, and what improvement did he make?