Types of prehistoric Southwestern architectureFewkes, Jesse Walter
History
Types of prehistoric Southwestern architecture
Fewkes, Jesse Walter
Indian architecture -- North America; Pueblos
It will be found on examination that these prehistoric buildings were
constructed on certain universal lines, reproducing with startling
similarity types which are world-wide. It will also be found that
habitations or buildings devoted to certain utilitarian purposes
have one form, while sacred buildings have another, following a
law geographically widespread. Man shares with the animal a desire
for protection for his family or food accumulated or awaiting
consumption. This holds true among agricultural peoples whose food
is cereal and can be stored indefinitely or prepared for use when
necessary. It is not necessary to suppose that man learned the habit
of storing food from bees and squirrels; the same needs produced the
same habits. The earliest storage places adopted by man were caves,
trunks of trees or pits dug in the earth, the first mentioned being
the most common. The first step taken to improve this storage place
was the construction of a wall to close the entrance to the cave or
pit. A further modification, practically an expansion of this simple
idea, led to the construction of an elaborate dwelling having rooms
specialized for different economical purposes within the shelter of
the cave.
This same idea of protection led to another line of development in
which the cave is wanting. The construction of a stone cairn in
the open would also serve for protection of the food supply. Such
a building, erected simply for storage, naturally drew about it
subordinate rooms for dwellings, at first temporary in structure but
later, as ability in stone-working improved, permanent buildings or
community-houses of durable material. This second type of prehistoric
building, erected independent of caves, evolved along lines different
from the first; in forms of construction the two types are similar,
but they differ as to sites; one became a cliff or cave dwelling; the
other, what is called a village or pueblo.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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