U.S. Marine Operations in Korea, 1950-1953, Volume 2 (of 5): The Inchon-Seoul OperationMontross, Lynn
History
U.S. Marine Operations in Korea, 1950-1953, Volume 2 (of 5): The Inchon-Seoul Operation
Montross, Lynn
Korean War, 1950-1953 -- Campaigns; United States. Marine Corps -- History -- Korean War, 1950-1953
Speed was an essential if the assault landing were to be completed
on the prescribed D-day. But there was no place for the proverbial
haste that leads to waste. It had to be the speed of precision--an
acceleration of men and events made possible by the amphibious know-how
of a Navy-Marine Corps team that had worked together throughout the
Pacific operations of World War II.
Sometimes this acceleration was so unobtrusive as to pass almost
unnoticed. Shipping does not grow on trees, particularly the enormous
amounts of shipping required for a major amphibious operation. Yet the
U. S. Navy made it appear a simple and routine matter to assemble from
all the seven seas an invasion fleet made up of craft ranging from
cruisers to rowboats.
The Marines, as the Landing Force, worked hand-in-hand with the Attack
Force commanded by Rear Admiral James H. Doyle, who had no superior
in the world of 1950 as an amphibious specialist. From preliminary
planning to final execution, Doyle and his staff officers of PhibGru
One supplied a precision which had much to do with the success of an
operation holding so many potentialities of disaster.
Looking back, some of the Marine participants could hardly recall a
full night’s sleep from 25 July 1950, the date of the order directing
that the 1st Marine Division be brought up to full war strength, until
7 October 1950, when the operation came to a victorious end. From the
mobilization at Camp Pendleton to the street fighting in Seoul, it was
often necessary to utilize the hours of darkness ordinarily devoted to
rest. At Kobe, for instance, there were so few copies of the plans for
the Inchon landing that they were circulated on a 24-hour schedule for
study by Marine officers who took turns.
The acceleration of the 1st Marine Division in 64 days from a peacetime
basis to the capture of Seoul has been summarized as follows:
(a) Expansion from a reduced peace strength (less the 1st
Provisional Marine Brigade) to a reinforced war strength, less
one RCT, was completed in a period of approximately 15 days.
(b) Administrative sea lift and movement of over 15,000
personnel, organic equipment, and partial resupply from San
Diego to the Far East Command commenced in less than three
weeks after expansion was ordered.
(c) Debarkation and unloading from administrative shipping,
and reembarkation and reloading at Kobe, Japan for the assault
landing at Inchon were done in a period averaging about seven
days per unit, two days of which were lost due to a heavy
typhoon in the Kobe area.
(d) Completed planning and the issuance of the complete
operation order for the amphibious landing at Inchon were
accomplished 17 days after the receipt of the initial directive.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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