U.S. Marine Operations in Korea, 1950-1953, Volume 2 (of 5): The Inchon-Seoul OperationMontross, Lynn
History
U.S. Marine Operations in Korea, 1950-1953, Volume 2 (of 5): The Inchon-Seoul Operation
Montross, Lynn
Korean War, 1950-1953 -- Campaigns; United States. Marine Corps -- History -- Korean War, 1950-1953
The mission of the 5th Marines (less 3/5 on Wolmi-do) was to seize
the O-A Line, a 3,000-yard arc encompassing Cemetery Hill on the left
(north), Observatory Hill in the center, and thence extending the
last 1,000 yards through a maze of buildings and streets to terminate
at the inner tidal basin. Each battalion would land in a column of
companies, Lieutenant Colonel George R. Newton’s 1st, on the left,
seizing Cemetery Hill and the northern half of Observatory Hill;
while Lieutenant Colonel Harold S. Roise’s 2d secured the remainder
of the latter, the hill of the British Consulate, and the inner tidal
basin.[129]
[129] 1st MarDiv _SAR_, Annex Queen Queen.
Landing nearly three miles southeast of the 5th Marines, the 1st
Regiment would seize BLUE Beach, a north-south strip fronting a
suburban industrial area. BLUE Beach One, on the left, was 500 yards
wide, flanked on the north by the rock revetment of a salt evaporator
that jutted into the water at a sharp angle to the shoreline. A wide
drainage ditch, about which little was known besides the fact that it
existed, formed the south boundary. Just inland a dirt road--the sole
exit from the beach--skirted the north end of a steep knoll that ran
the whole width of the landing site. There being no revetment at the
waterline, Marine planners hoped that amphibian tractors could crawl
ashore with the assault troops.[130]
[130] _Ibid._, Annex Peter Peter.
[Illustration: PLAN FOR INCHON ASSAULT]
BLUE Beach Two, connected to One by the drainage ditch, also extended
500 yards. Like RED Beach it was fronted by a rock sea wall. On the
right half, the wall retained one side of a narrow ramp that jutted
southward like a long index finger. Behind the ramp lay a cove, its
shoreline at a right angle to the sea wall. During the assault, Marines
would scale the waterfront of BLUE Two from LVTs, while the cove around
the corner on the right, unofficially dubbed “BLUE Beach Three,” was
investigated as a possible supplementary landing site.[131]
[131] _Ibid._; and Col T. L. Ridge ltr to authors, 11 May 55.
Preceded by a wave of LVT(A)s of Company A (Reinf), 56th Amphibian
Tractor Battalion, USA, the 2d and 3d Battalions, 1st Marines, would
land abreast on BLUE One and Two respectively. With two companies
initially in the assault, each of the infantry battalions was to drive
forward and secure its portion of the O-1 Line. This four-mile arc bent
inland as far as 3,000 yards to include four main objectives, assigned
as follows:
2d Battalion (BLUE One)
ABLE A critical road junction about 1,000 yards northeast of
the beach.
DOG Hill 117, 3,000 yards northeast of the beach, commanding
Inchon’s back door and the highway leading to Seoul,
22 miles away.
3d Battalion (BLUE Two)
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