[Illustration] [Illustration] U. S. MARINE OPERATIONS IN KOREA 1950–1953 VOLUME III _The Chosin Reservoir Campaign_ by LYNN MONTROSS and CAPTAIN NICHOLAS A. CANZONA, USMC Based on Research by K. JACK BAUER, PHD. [Illustration] Historical Branch, G-3 Headquarters U. S. Marine Corps Washington, D. C., 1957 Preceding Volumes of _U. S. Marine Operations in Korea_ Volume I, “The Pusan Perimeter” Volume II, “The Inchon-Seoul Operation” Library of Congress Catalogue Number: 57-60727 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office Washington 25, D. C. Price $2.75 Official Price of this Publication $2.75 Foreword The breakout of the 1st Marine Division from the Chosin Reservoir area will long be remembered as one of the inspiring epics of our history. It is also worthy of consideration as a campaign in the best tradition of American military annals. The ability of the Marines to fight their way through twelve Chinese divisions over a 78-mile mountain road in sub-zero weather cannot be explained by courage and endurance alone. It also owed to the high degree of professional forethought and skill as well as the “uncommon valor” expected of all Marines. A great deal of initiative was required of unit commanders, and tactics had to be improvised at times on the spur of the moment to meet unusual circumstances. But in the main, the victory was gained by firm discipline and adherence to time-tested military principles. Allowing for differences in arms, indeed, the Marines of 1950 used much the same fundamental tactics as those employed on mountain roads by Xenophon and his immortal Ten Thousand when they cut their way through Asiatic hordes to the Black Sea in the year 401 B.C. When the danger was greatest, the 1st Marine Division might have accepted an opportunity for air evacuation of troops after the destruction of weapons and supplies to keep them from falling into the enemy’s hands. But there was never a moment’s hesitation. The decision of the commander and the determination of all hands to come out fighting with all essential equipment were in keeping with the highest traditions of the United States Marine Corps. [Illustration: (signature)] R. MCC. PATE _General, U. S. Marine Corps,_ _Commandant of the Marine Corps._ Preface This is the third in a series of five volumes dealing with the operations of the United States Marine Corps in Korea during the period 2 August 1950 to 27 July 1953. Volume III presents in detail the operations of the 1st Marine Division and 1st Marine Aircraft Wing as a part of X Corps, USA, in the Chosin Reservoir campaign.