U.S. Marine Operations in Korea, 1950-1953, Volume 3 (of 5): The Chosin Reservoir CampaignMontross, Lynn
History
U.S. Marine Operations in Korea, 1950-1953, Volume 3 (of 5): The Chosin Reservoir Campaign
Montross, Lynn
Korean War, 1950-1953 -- Campaigns; United States. Marine Corps -- History -- Korean War, 1950-1953
_Confidence of UN Command_
General MacArthur did not appear to be shaken by EUSAK G-2 reports
during the third week of November which called attention to a
formidable CCF build-up on both sides of the Yalu. On the contrary,
a UN order of the 20th, giving directions for the conduct of troops
at the border, indicated that an occupation rather than a fight was
expected:
Elements of minimum size only will be advanced to the immediate
vicinity of the geographical boundary of Korea. No troops or
vehicles will go beyond the boundary between Korea and Manchuria,
or between Korea and the USSR, nor will fire be exchanged with, or
air strikes be requested on forces north of the northern boundary
of Korea. Rigid control of troop movements in vicinity of northern
boundary will be exercised. _Damage, destruction or disruption of
service of power plants will be avoided._ No personnel, military
or civilian, will be permitted to enter or leave Korea via the
Manchurian or USSR border. Commanders will insure that the sanctity
of the international border is meticulously preserved.[347]
[347] CG X Corps msg X12811, 20 Nov 50. Italics added.
The italicized sentence emphasizes an assumption which had made
converts in high State Department as well as Defense circles in
Washington. The Chinese, according to this conjecture, were concerned
chiefly with defending their Manchurian frontier and guarding the power
complexes along the Yalu. As evidence, it was pointed out that early in
November the Sinuiju radio described the CCF troops crossing the river
as a “volunteer corps” for the protection of the hydro-electric plants
along the Yalu serving Mukden, Dairen and Port Arthur. Proceeding from
this premise, it was a logical conclusion that if no provocation were
given these forces, a large-scale fight might be avoided.[348]
[348] See Memo Chairman JCS to SecDef: “Chinese Communists
Intervention in Korea,” 9 Nov 50; and Truman, _Memoirs_,
II, 372.
General MacArthur, after receiving a qualified permission to bomb the
Yalu bridges, had enjoined UN airmen not to violate territory or air
space on the other side of the river. This meant that the bomber crews
must take much greater risks, since their restricted axes of approach
and flight paths were known to enemy antiaircraft gunners in advance.
Moreover, CCF jet fighters could attack and retire to the sanctuary of
Manchuria when hard-pressed.[349]
[349] JCS msg 95949, 6 Nov 50; CinCFE msg CX 68411, 7 Nov 50;
Schnabel, _Korean Conflict_. See also Karig, _Korea_,
376–378.
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