U.S. Marine Operations in Korea, 1950-1953, Volume 3 (of 5): The Chosin Reservoir CampaignMontross, Lynn
History
U.S. Marine Operations in Korea, 1950-1953, Volume 3 (of 5): The Chosin Reservoir Campaign
Montross, Lynn
Korean War, 1950-1953 -- Campaigns; United States. Marine Corps -- History -- Korean War, 1950-1953
The 2d battalion, vanguard of the 5th Marines, completed its move
from the east coast of the Chosin Reservoir to Yudam-ni during the
afternoon and evening of 26 November. After deploying his command south
of the village, Lieutenant Colonel Roise and his S-3, Major Theodore
F. Spiker, made a reconnaissance in preparation for the next day’s
attack.[370]
[370] 2/5 _HD, Nov 50_, 8–9.
Yudam-ni lies in the center of a broad valley surrounded by five great
ridges, named in relation to their direction from the village: North,
Northwest, Southwest, South, and Southeast. Beginning at the rim of
the valley, each of these ridges extends several thousand yards and
includes many peaks, spurs, and draws, certain of which took on special
significance as the crisis at Yudam-ni unfolded.
A finger of the Chosin Reservoir reaches toward Yudam-ni in the
valley between North and Southeast Ridges. The other four corridors
radiating from the valley are highway routes. Lieutenant Colonel Roise
surveyed the westerly road, which leaves Yudam-ni between Northwest and
Southwest Ridges. His assigned objective encompassed distant spurs of
these heights, bordering the road about a mile and a half west of the
village.[371]
[371] 5thMar _OpnO 39-50_, 26 Nov 50.
The 7th Marines (-) was disposed in perimeter around Yudam-ni on
terminal hills of four of the five ridges: D and E Companies (attached
to 1/7) on North Ridge, 3/7 on Southwest, and 1/7 on South and
Southeast.[372] Since the high ground occupied by 3/7 overlooked the
route of attack and Roise’s objective, Colonel Litzenberg[373] later
in the day specified a new destination for 2/5, a pass ten miles west
of Yudam-ni. It was a big order, but Litzenberg’s troops would support
the 5th Marines’ outfit by making limited advances along the skylines
of Northwest and Southwest Ridges. With this protection on his flanks
initially, Roise could concentrate more strength for the drive through
the low ground.[374]
[372] The transport priority given the move of the 5th Marines
prevented H&S and Weapons (-) Companies from moving to
Yudam-ni. Fox Company moved to Toktong Pass on the 27th
while How Battery of 3/11 remained at Hagaru to support
Fox Company. The two rifle companies of 2/7 at Yudam-ni
were assigned to 1/7 for operational control. MajGen H.
L. Litzenberg Comments, 19 and 20 Jul 56; LtCol W. D.
Sawyer Comments, 7 Sept 56.
[373] Col Roise states that he was attached to the 7th Marines
in the absence of the Commanding Officer, 5th Marines.
The record does not indicate a formal attachment. Col
Litzenberg appears to have acted in his capacity as
senior officer present. See Col R. L. Murray Comments, n.
d.; Col H. S. Roise Comments, n. d.; LtCol H. J. Woessner
Comments, 13 Nov 56.
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