U.S. Marine Operations in Korea, 1950-1953, Volume 3 (of 5): The Chosin Reservoir CampaignMontross, Lynn
History
U.S. Marine Operations in Korea, 1950-1953, Volume 3 (of 5): The Chosin Reservoir Campaign
Montross, Lynn
Korean War, 1950-1953 -- Campaigns; United States. Marine Corps -- History -- Korean War, 1950-1953
It was aptly dubbed “an amphibious landing in reverse,” since the
plan called for the methodical shrinking of the perimeter, under
cover of air strikes and naval gunfire, until the last platoon of the
ground forces had embarked. Then would come the grand finale of the
demolitions.
_Embarkation of 1st Marine Division_
The Wonsan evacuation was instructive as a rehearsal for the Hungnam
redeployment. From 2 to 10 December, Lieutenant Colonel Crowe’s 1st
Shore Party Battalion had charge of the outloading while sharing the
defense of the harbor with a battalion from the 3d Infantry Division
and two KMC battalions. Another Marine outfit, Company A of the 1st
Amphibian Truck Battalion, speeded up the operation by making hundreds
of round trips between docks and ships with DUKWs.[634]
[634] The sources of this section, unless otherwise stated, are
as follows: Forney, _Special Report, 8–18_; _MCB Study_,
II-C-114–115; ComPhibGruOne _Action Report, Hungnam_,
5–10, 25; 1stMAW _HD, Dec 50_, 1–2; Smith, _Notes_,
120–1123; Maj R. W. Shutts, _Report on Amphibious
Withdrawal of the U. S. X Corps from Hungnam, Korea_,
1–9; MGCIS-1 _HD, Dec 50_; X Corps _OpnO 10_, 11 Dec 50;
1stMarDiv _EmbO 3-50_, 11 Dec 50; Shepherd ltr, 25 Oct
56; LtGen W. H. Tunner, USAF, ltr to MajGen Snedeker, 8
Dec 56.
Air cover and naval gunfire from supporting ships of TE-90.21 was so
effective that Wonsan had no enemy interference worth mentioning.
Covering missions continued to be fired until the last friendly troops
withdrew, and operations were completed without the necessity of
destroying UN supplies and equipment. Altogether, 3834 troops, 7009
Korean civilians, 1146 vehicles, and 10,013 bulk tons of cargo had
been outloaded when the operation was completed on 10 December. One
detachment of Shore Party troops sailed for Pusan with the DUKWs in
preparation for unloading the 1st Marine Division upon its arrival at
that port.
The Hungnam evacuation plan, as outlined in X Corps OpnO 10-50, issued
on 11 December, provided for the immediate embarkation of the 1st
Marine Division and the 3d ROK Division. A smaller perimeter than
the original concept was to be defended meanwhile by the 7th and 3d
Infantry Divisions, with the latter having the final responsibility.
Major units were to withdraw gradually by side-slipping until only
reinforced platoons remained as covering forces holding strong points.
Plans called for naval gunfire and air support to be stepped up as the
perimeter contracted.
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