U.S. Marine Operations in Korea, 1950-1953, Volume 4 (of 5): The East-Central FrontMontross, Lynn
History
U.S. Marine Operations in Korea, 1950-1953, Volume 4 (of 5): The East-Central Front
Montross, Lynn
Korean War, 1950-1953 -- Campaigns; United States. Marine Corps -- History -- Korean War, 1950-1953
History repeated itself in June and July 1951 when events of the next
two years were shaped by the political decisions of a few summer weeks.
Indeed, Admiral C. Turner Joy believed that the war was actually
prolonged rather than shortened as a result of the negotiations.
“Military victory was not impossible nor even unusually difficult
of achievement,” wrote the Senior Delegate and Chief of the UN
Command delegation at the truce talks. “Elimination of the artificial
restraints imposed on United States forces, coupled with an effective
blockade on Red China, probably would have resulted in military victory
in less time than was expended on truce talks.”[244]
[244] Admiral C. Turner Joy, USN (Ret.), _How Communists
Negotiate_ (New York: Macmillan, 1955), 176, hereafter
Joy, _How Communists Negotiate_. One of Admiral Joy’s
last services to his country before his death in 1956
was the writing of this book. Other sources for this
section are William H. Vatcher, Jr., “Inside Story of
Our Mistakes in Korea,” _U.S. News and World Report_, 23
Jan 1953, 35–36; E. Weintal, “What Happened at Kaesong
and What is in Prospect,” _Newsweek_, 23 Jul 1951, 38;
Comments n.d., Col J. C. Murray.
Mao Tse-tung’s forces had lost face by the failure of their long
heralded 5th Phase Offensive. They had been badly beaten during the UN
counteroffensive. Pretensions of high CCF morale could no longer be
maintained when troops were laying down their arms without a fight.
Nor could charges of low UN morale be supported when the fighting
spirit of the Eighth Army was being shown every day at the front.
In view of these circumstances, it would appear that the Communists had
poor cards to play against United Nations trumps at a truce conference.
But they played them so craftily, with such a sly sense of propaganda
values, that the victors of the May and June battles were soon made to
appear losers begging for a breathing spell.
To begin with, the Chinese knew that the mere public announcement of
the possibility of truce talks would have a tremendous appeal in the
United States, where the war was unpopular. Pressure would be brought
upon Washington to meet the enemy immediately for negotiations. And
while a cease fire remained even a remote prospect, American public
opinion would demand a slackening of offensive military operations with
their attendant casualties.
From the outset it was apparent that the United Nations Command was
no match for the Communists in low cunning. The UN suggested, for
instance, that the truce teams meet on the Danish hospital ship
_Jutlandia_. Here, surely, was neutral ground, since the Danes had no
combat forces in Korea. Moreover, the ship was to be anchored in Wonsan
harbor within range of CCF shore batteries.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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