U.S. Marine Operations in Korea, 1950-1953, Volume 4 (of 5): The East-Central FrontMontross, Lynn
History
U.S. Marine Operations in Korea, 1950-1953, Volume 4 (of 5): The East-Central Front
Montross, Lynn
Korean War, 1950-1953 -- Campaigns; United States. Marine Corps -- History -- Korean War, 1950-1953
FEAF placed the emphasis on armed reconnaissance or interdiction
flights for Marine aircraft during the last few days of April. 1st MAW
pilots reported the killing or wounding of 312 enemy troops on the
29th and 30th, and the destruction of 212 trucks, 6 locomotives, and
80 box cars. On the other side of the ledger, the Wing lost a plane a
day during the first eight days of the CCF offensive. Of the fliers
shot down, five were killed, one was wounded seriously but rescued by
helicopter, and two returned safely from enemy-held territory.[189]
[189] 1st MAW _HD_, Apr51, Pt #1, Chronology 22–30 Apr and App
VI, PORs #46 (23 Apr) and 54 (1 May).
The shortage of vehicles slowed the withdrawal of Marine ground forces,
but by the 30th the 5th Marines, KMC Regiment, and 7th Marines were
deployed from left to right on NO NAME Line. The 1st Marines went into
reserve near Hongchon. On the Division left was the reorganized 6th ROK
Division, and on the right the 2d Infantry Division of X Corps.[190]
[190] 1stMarDiv _HD_, Apr 51; 5thMar HD, Apr 51; 7thMar _HD_,
Apr 51.
Nobody was in a better position to evaluate Marine maneuvers of the
past week than Colonel Bowser, the G-3, and he had the highest praise.
“Whereas the Chosin withdrawal was more spectacular than the April
‘retrograde,’” he commented seven years later, “the latter was executed
so smoothly and efficiently that a complex and difficult operation was
made to look easy. The entire Division executed everything asked of it
with the calm assurance of veterans.”[191]
[191] BrigGen A. L. Bowser, ltr of 14 Feb 58.
_1st Marine Division Returns to X Corps_
UN estimates of enemy casualties ranged from 70,000 to 100,000. The
Fifth Phase Offensive was an unmitigated defeat for the Communists so
far, but EUSAK G-2 officers warned that this was only the first round.
Seventeen fresh CCF divisions were available for the second.
General Van Fleet called a conference of corps commanders on 30 April
to discuss defensive plans. In the reshuffling of units the 1st Marine
Division was placed for the third time in eight months under the
operational control of X Corps, commanded by Lieutenant General Edward
M. Almond. The Marines were to occupy the western sector of X Corps
after its boundary with IX Corps had been shifted about 12 miles to the
west.[192]
[192] EUSAK _Cmd Rpt_, Apr 51, 115–118.
Van Fleet put into effect a reshuffling of units all the way across the
peninsula in preparation for the expected renewal of the CCF offensive.
Thus on 1 May the UN line was as follows from left to right:
_US I Corps_--1 ROK Division, 1st Cavalry Division and 25th
Infantry Division in line; the 3d Infantry Division and British
29th Brigade in reserve;
_US IX Corps_--British 27th Brigade, 24th Infantry Division, 5th
and 6th ROK Divisions and 7th Infantry Division in line; the
187th Airborne RCT in reserve;
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