U.S. Marine Operations in Korea, 1950-1953, Volume 5 (of 5): Operations in West KoreaUnited States. Marine Corps
History
U.S. Marine Operations in Korea, 1950-1953, Volume 5 (of 5): Operations in West Korea
United States. Marine Corps
Korean War, 1950-1953 -- Campaigns; United States. Marine Corps -- History -- Korean War, 1950-1953
Elsewhere before the end of the year, the CCF captured one outpost in
the IX Corps area, to the right of I Corps, but suffered a telling
defeat at the hands of the Ethiopian battalion during an attempt to
crack this sector of the U.S. 7th Division line. After a brief fire
fight the Chinese were forced to withdraw, leaving 131 CCF dead in the
Ethiopian positions. North Korean efforts to seize critical ground in
the X and ROK I Corps sectors, at the far eastern end of the EUSAK
line, was similarly broken up by the U.S. 40th and ROK 5th Divisions.
By the end of 1952 General Van Fleet had not only revitalized his
defenses with recent rotation of frontline units but had also
strengthened his line by inserting another division in the critical
and long-troublesome Chorwon-Kumhwa sector of IX Corps, on the I Corps
right flank. With these changes by late December there were 16 EUSAK
divisions on line--11 Korean, 3 U.S. Army, 1 Marine, and 1 British
Commonwealth--plus 4 divisions in reserve (1 Korean and 3 U.S. Army).
Nearly 75 percent of the UNC line had been entrusted to Republic of
Korea units. Their performance was a tribute to growing ROK military
proficiency and justified the EUSAK decision to assign to ROK troops a
greater role in the Allied ground defense.
The slow pace of infantry action during the last two months of 1952
continued into the new year. Raids by small UNC units highlighted the
limited combat during January and February. During the following month
the battlefront tempo accelerated, due in part to expanded patrol
activities. A number of sharp clashes in No-Man’s-Land resulted in
several Communist setbacks but led the enemy to make an increased use
of ambushes. These traps initially caught the UNC troops by surprise,
inflicting heavy casualties on them. But by far the most severe
fighting of the new year resulted when the Chinese renewed their fierce
outpost and main line of resistance attacks in March.
Again, the western I Corps sector was the major combat area as enemy
pressure mounted along the front. This was believed due, in part, to
the “growing Chinese sensitivity to the I Corps raids”[304] as well as
an attempt by the CCF to regain the initiative as they began to send
out larger forces to probe and assault UNC positions. On 17 March,
the Chinese launched a battalion-size attack against Hill 355 (Little
Gibraltar). This MLR position was defended by elements of the U.S. 2d
Infantry Division, on line immediately east of the Marine division, in
the sector customarily occupied by the 1st Commonwealth Division. (The
Army unit had relieved the British division on 30 January.) A second
large-scale assault on the hill that month was also turned back.
[304] Hermes, _Truce Tent_, p. 392.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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