U.S. Marine Operations in Korea, 1950-1953, Volume 5 (of 5): Operations in West KoreaUnited States. Marine Corps
History
U.S. Marine Operations in Korea, 1950-1953, Volume 5 (of 5): Operations in West Korea
United States. Marine Corps
Korean War, 1950-1953 -- Campaigns; United States. Marine Corps -- History -- Korean War, 1950-1953
Meanwhile, on 13 May, General Harrison, senior UN representative
at Panmunjom, made a counterproposal to the Communist plan. This
incorporated three measures aimed at reconciling differences in the
long-controversial repatriation issue.[402] Arguments flew back and
forth at Panmunjom, with a temporary recess called in the talks; but
on 4 June the Communists accepted this UN final offer. The dispute of
18 months’ duration had ended and the Allied principle of voluntary
repatriation had won out in the end. About the only homework left for
the negotiating teams was to map out final details of the Demilitarized
Zone.
[402] In brief, these were: (1) that the Neutral Nations
Repatriation Commission (NNRC) take custody of Chinese
nonrepatriates but give Korean POWs the option of
settling either in North or South Korea, as they wished;
(2) that troops from just one country (India) be used
to guard nonrepatriates, rather than the unwieldy
five-nation force earlier proposed by the Communists;
and (3), that specific procedures, which were clearly
spelled out, be followed for granting political asylum to
returning prisoners who refused repatriation.
President Rhee now even more violently denounced the projected
armistice plan. He declared that he and the Koreans would fight on
alone, if necessary. South Korean delegates boycotted the Panmunjom
truce meetings, and Rhee began a campaign to block the cease-fire.
Final agreement on the POW issue was reached 8 June. It provided that
the NNRC offer a “civilian status” to former POWs who did not exercise
their right of repatriation within four months after being taken into
custody by the commission. Those POWs who desired asylum would be set
free. The South Korean National Assembly unanimously rejected the truce
terms the following day.
Revision of the truce line, to correspond to current battle positions,
and other concluding details of the truce were being settled by 17
June. On 18 June, chaos suddenly replaced progress. Acting on orders
from Rhee, during early morning hours ROK guards at the South Korean
prisons released approximately 27,000 North Korean anti-Communist POW
inmates (the majority of the large group of NKPA who did not wish to
be repatriated). They quickly escaped and became absorbed into the
civilian populace of South Korea. Immediately the Communists charged
the Americans with complicity and demanded to know whether the United
Nations Command was able to control its South Korean ally or not.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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