Diplomatic and consular service, American; United States -- Colonial question; United States -- Politics and government
As to the diplomatic uniform, which is not the same thing as a court
dress, by the way, the same objections have been urged. The mistake that
we have made is in assuming that “the rule should emanate from home, and
not from abroad”; for while we have an undoubted right to establish our
own customs at our national capital, others might be excused for
thinking us priggish when we attempt to carry those customs abroad,
especially when in defiance of customs in general usage and of long
standing. But so it stands recorded in the statutes, that American
diplomatic officers shall wear no distinguishing uniform; and as a
consequence, at an evening reception in some brilliant foreign capital
you will see the diplomatic corps of other nations appropriately
distinguished, while the American diplomat appears in the costume worn
by the servants and waiters, that is, plain evening dress. What
diplomats sometime complain of in this connection is not the lack of
distinction, but that they are rather unpleasantly distinguished.
PRIVILEGES.
An ambassador enjoys unusual privileges from the time he enters until
the time he leaves the country where he is sent, and these we will now
briefly consider. They have been classified under the heads of
inviolability and exterritoriality, though they may be considered
together.
Inviolability means that “neither public authority nor private persons
can use any force or do any violence to him, without offending against
the law of nations”. Of course if he attempts any violence toward other
individuals he becomes amenable to the local authorities.
Exterritoriality means the right while sojourning in a foreign country
to remain subject to the laws of his own, in both criminal and civil
jurisdiction.
These privileges are granted because it is thought that an ambassador
cannot fully and freely represent his own country if he is liable to be
interfered with by the state to which he is accredited. When carried out
to their practical application some curious results are reached; for
instance—
1. These privileges extend to his goods and his lodgings. “His house is
a sanctuary—except in case of a gross crime—for himself and his
retinue”. His official papers and archives are inviolate. He cannot
shelter any fugitive from law, although even this—the right of
asylum—was at one time general.
2. The courtesy of exemption from taxation is usually extended to
ambassadors, as well as exemption from duties on all necessary articles
of his household.
3. Owing to the inviolability of his property it is hard to collect a
debt from an ambassador when he has a mind not to pay—a thing which has
happened more than once.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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